Editing Glycine (section)

=== As a toxin conjugation agent ===
Glycine [[Drug metabolism#Phase II – conjugation|conjugation]] pathway has not been fully investigated.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = van der Sluis R, Badenhorst CP, Erasmus E, van Dyk E, van der Westhuizen FH, van Dijk AA | title = Conservation of the coding regions of the glycine N-acyltransferase gene further suggests that glycine conjugation is an essential detoxification pathway | journal = Gene | volume = 571 | issue = 1 | pages = 126–134 | date = October 2015 | pmid = 26149650 | doi = 10.1016/j.gene.2015.06.081 }}</ref> Glycine is thought to be a hepatic detoxifier of a number endogenous and xenobiotic organic acids.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Badenhorst CP, Erasmus E, van der Sluis R, Nortje C, van Dijk AA | title = A new perspective on the importance of glycine conjugation in the metabolism of aromatic acids | journal = Drug Metabolism Reviews | volume = 46 | issue = 3 | pages = 343–361 | date = August 2014 | pmid = 24754494 | doi = 10.3109/03602532.2014.908903 }}</ref> [[Bile acid]]s are normally conjugated to glycine in order to increase their solubility in water.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Di Ciaula A, Garruti G, Lunardi Baccetto R, Molina-Molina E, Bonfrate L, Wang DQ, Portincasa P | title = Bile Acid Physiology | journal = Annals of Hepatology | volume = 16 | issue = Suppl. 1: s3–105 | pages = s4–s14 | date = November 2017 | pmid = 29080336 | doi = 10.5604/01.3001.0010.5493 | hdl-access = free | doi-access = free | hdl = 11586/203563 }}</ref>

The human body rapidly clears [[sodium benzoate]] by combining it with glycine to form [[hippuric acid]] which is then excreted.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Nair B | title = Final report on the safety assessment of Benzyl Alcohol, Benzoic Acid, and Sodium Benzoate | journal = International Journal of Toxicology | volume = 20 Suppl 3 | issue = 3_suppl | pages = 23–50 | date = January 2001 | pmid = 11766131 | doi = 10.1080/10915810152630729 }}</ref> The metabolic pathway for this begins with the conversion of benzoate by [[butyrate-CoA ligase]] into an intermediate product, [[benzoyl-CoA]],<ref>{{cite web|title=butyrate-CoA ligase|url=https://www.brenda-enzymes.org/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=6.2.1.2&Suchword=&organism%5B%5D=Homo+sapiens&show_tm=0|work=BRENDA|publisher=Technische Universität Braunschweig.|access-date=7 May 2014}} Substrate/Product</ref> which is then metabolized by [[glycine N-acyltransferase|glycine ''N''-acyltransferase]] into hippuric acid.<ref>{{cite web|title=glycine N-acyltransferase|url=https://www.brenda-enzymes.org/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=2.3.1.13&Suchword=&organism%5B%5D=Homo+sapiens&show_tm=0|work=BRENDA|publisher=Technische Universität Braunschweig.|access-date=7 May 2014}} Substrate/Product</ref>