Editing Glutamic acid (section)

=== Neurotransmitter ===
{{main|Glutamate (neurotransmitter)}}

Glutamate is the most abundant excitatory [[neurotransmitter]] in the vertebrate [[nervous system]].<ref name="pmid10736372">{{Cite journal
| last1 = Meldrum | first1 = B. S.
| title = Glutamate as a neurotransmitter in the brain: Review of physiology and pathology
| journal = The Journal of Nutrition
| volume = 130
| issue = 4S Suppl
| pages = 1007S–1015S
| year = 2000
| pmid = 10736372
 | doi=10.1093/jn/130.4.1007s
| doi-access = free
}}</ref> At [[synapses|chemical synapses]], glutamate is stored in [[Synaptic vesicle|vesicles]]. [[Nerve impulses]] trigger the release of glutamate from the [[presynaptic]] cell. Glutamate acts on [[ionotropic]] and [[Metabotropic receptor|metabotropic]] ([[G protein-coupled receptor|G-protein coupled]]) receptors.<ref name="pmid10736372"/>  In the opposing [[postsynaptic]] cell, [[glutamate receptors]], such as the [[NMDA receptor]] or the [[AMPA receptor]], bind glutamate and are activated. Because of its role in [[synaptic plasticity]], glutamate is involved in [[cognitive function]]s such as [[learning]] and [[memory]] in the brain.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = McEntee | first1 = W. J. | last2 = Crook | first2 = T. H. | doi = 10.1007/BF02253527 | title = Glutamate: Its role in learning, memory, and the aging brain | journal = Psychopharmacology | volume = 111 | issue = 4 | pages = 391–401 | year = 1993 | pmid =  7870979| s2cid = 37400348 }}</ref>  The form of plasticity known as [[long-term potentiation]] takes place at glutamatergic synapses in the [[hippocampus]], [[neocortex]], and other parts of the brain. Glutamate works not only as a [[Point-to-point (telecommunications)|point-to-point]] transmitter, but also through spill-over synaptic crosstalk between synapses in which summation of glutamate released from a neighboring synapse creates extrasynaptic signaling/[[volume transmission]].<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Okubo | first1 = Y. | last2 = Sekiya | first2 = H. | last3 = Namiki | first3 = S. | last4 = Sakamoto | first4 = H. | last5 = Iinuma | first5 = S. | last6 = Yamasaki | first6 = M. | last7 = Watanabe | first7 = M. | last8 = Hirose | first8 = K. | last9 = Iino | first9 = M. | doi = 10.1073/pnas.0913154107 | title = Imaging extrasynaptic glutamate dynamics in the brain | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | volume = 107 | issue = 14 | pages = 6526–6531 | year = 2010 | pmid =  20308566| pmc = 2851965| bibcode = 2010PNAS..107.6526O | doi-access = free }}</ref>  In addition, glutamate plays important roles in the regulation of [[growth cone]]s and [[synaptogenesis]] during [[brain development]] as originally described by [[Mark Mattson]].