Editing German Confederation (section)

===High culture===
[[File:Berlin Universitaet um 1850.jpg|thumb|280px|The University of Berlin in 1850]]
German artists and intellectuals, heavily influenced by the French Revolution, turned to [[Romanticism]]. At the universities, high-powered professors developed international reputations, especially in the humanities led by history and philology, which brought a new historical perspective to the study of political history, theology, philosophy, language, and literature. With {{Lang|de|[[Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel]]|italics=unset}} (1770–1831) in philosophy, {{Lang|de|[[Friedrich Schleiermacher]]|italics=unset}} (1768–1834) in theology and {{Lang|de|[[Leopold von Ranke]]|italics=unset}} (1795–1886) in history, the [[Humboldt University of Berlin|University of Berlin]], founded in 1810, became the world's leading university. {{Lang|de|Von Ranke|italics=unset}}, for example, professionalized history and set the world standard for historiography. By the 1830s, mathematics, physics, chemistry, and biology had emerged with world class science, led by {{Lang|de|[[Alexander von Humboldt]]|italics=unset}} (1769–1859) in natural science and {{Lang|de|[[Carl Friedrich Gauss]]|italics=unset}} (1777–1855) in mathematics. Young intellectuals often turned to politics, but their support for the failed Revolution of 1848 forced many into exile.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sheehan |first=James J. |url=https://archive.org/details/germanhistory17700shee/page/324 |title=German History: 1770–1866 |date=1989 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=0-1982-2120-7 |location=New York |pages=[https://archive.org/details/germanhistory17700shee/page/324 324–371, 802–820] |url-access=registration}}</ref>