Editing Gamelan (section)

==Varieties==
{{See also|List of gamelan varieties}}
[[File:Gong and Chime Culture Map.jpg|thumb|right|The three major indigenous genres of gong-chime music prevalent in Southeast Asia: this includes the Gamelan of western Indonesia; the ''[[kulintang]]'' of the southern Philippines, eastern Indonesia, and eastern Malaysia; and the ''[[piphat]]'' of Thailand, Cambodia, Laos and Burma]]

Varieties of gamelan are distinguished by their collection of instruments and use of voice, tunings, repertoire, style, and cultural context. In general, no two gamelan ensembles are the same, and those that arose in prestigious courts are often considered to have their own style and tuning. Certain styles may also be shared by nearby ensembles, leading to a regional style. The varieties are generally grouped geographically, with the principal division between the styles favored by the [[Balinese people|Balinese]], [[Javanese people|Javanese]], and [[Sundanese people|Sundanese]] peoples. Javanese gamelan has soft and slow tones, while Balinese gamelan has strong and dynamic tones with fast music rhythms, while Sundanese gamelan which is dominated by the sound of flutes makes it not only soft but also mellow.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|title=Gamelan Bali, Seni Musik|url=http://encyclopedia.jakarta-tourism.go.id/post/gamelan-bali--seni-musik?lang=id|access-date=16 December 2020|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Jakarta|archive-date=14 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414045614/http://encyclopedia.jakarta-tourism.go.id/post/gamelan-bali--seni-musik?lang=id|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Javanese gamelan===
Javanese gamelan is a gamelan that originates and develops in the [[Central Java]] and [[East Java]], including the [[Special Region of Yogyakarta]] and [[Pura Mangkunegaran|Mangkunegaran Palace]] in [[Surakarta|Solo]]. In the Javanese palaces, the gamelan is divided into two, namely the gamelan pakurmatan and gamelan ageng. Gamelan pakurmatan is used for certain events or rituals in the royal environment. The gamelan pakurmatan set is not as complete as the ageng gamelan, and its shape and pitch are somewhat different from the traditional gamelan owned by the community. Gamelan pakurmatan consists of gamelan kodhok Ngorek, gamelan munggang, gamelan sekati, and gamelan carabalen, while gamelan ageng is the most complete gamelan used for various traditional ceremonies and events in the palace.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mengenal Gamelan Keraton Yogyakarta|url=https://www.kratonjogja.id/benda/Gamelan/16/mengenal-gamelan-keraton-yogyakarta|access-date=16 December 2020|work=Keraton Yogyakarta|archive-date=28 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191228092603/https://www.kratonjogja.id/benda/gamelan/16/mengenal-gamelan-keraton-yogyakarta|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Gamelan outside the palace, owned by the general public, is usually the gamelan ageng, although it is not as complete as that of the palace, according to the needs and objectives of the gamelan ownership. The Javanese gamelan used by the communities has many kinds and types including the [[gamelan gadhon]], gamelan siteran, gamelan [[Wayang]], gamelan bambu, gamelan prawa, gamelan pelog, gamelan renteng, gamelan slendro, gamelan [[Banyuwangi]], and gamelan [[Madura]].

In oral Javanese culture distinctions are made between complete or incomplete, archaic and modern, and large standard and small village gamelan. The various archaic ensembles are distinguished by their unique combinations of instruments and possession of obsolete instruments such as the bell-tree (''byong'') in the 3-toned ''gamelan kodhok ngorek''. Regionally variable village gamelan are often distinguished from standard gamelan (which have the ''rebab'' as the main melodic instrument) by their inclusion of a double-reed wind (''selompret'', ''slompret'', or ''sompret'') in addition to variable drum and gong components, with some also including the shaken bamboo ''angklung''.<ref>Kartomi, Margaret (1990). ''On Concepts and Classifications of Musical Instruments''. University of Chicago Press, p.&nbsp;91.</ref>

Gamelan in Javanese society is a product of local wisdom that has survived to this day. The long history that has been passed by Javanese gamelan is a cultural struggle that continues to be sustainable until now and in the future.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gamelan Jawa: Cikal Bakal Gema Bunyi dari Masa Jawa Kuno|url=https://gubug-wayang.com/gamelan-jawa-cikal-bakal-gema-bunyi-dari-masa-jawa-kuno/|access-date=16 December 2020|work=Gubug Wayang|date=November 2018|archive-date=14 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414045111/https://gubug-wayang.com/gamelan-jawa-cikal-bakal-gema-bunyi-dari-masa-jawa-kuno/|url-status=live}}</ref> Gamelan is inseparable from Javanese customs and human life, where gamelan is almost always there in every Javanese ceremony are held. Javanese gamelan is generally used to accompany dances, dance dramas, theater, puppets, rituals, events and festivals. Until then it developed in such a way that it was able to stand as a separate musical performance, complete with the accompaniment of the voices of the sindhen.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sejarah Gamelan Jawa & Perkembangannya|url=https://www.kompasiana.com/dewisundari/591e558ac322bdfe0856a30b/sejarah-gamelan-jawa-perkembangannya|access-date=16 December 2020|work=kompasiana|date=19 May 2017|archive-date=19 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119073954/https://www.kompasiana.com/dewisundari/591e558ac322bdfe0856a30b/sejarah-gamelan-jawa-perkembangannya|url-status=live}}</ref>

Most of the music rhythms are generally soft and reflect the harmony of life, as the principles of life are generally adopted by Javanese society. Some of them sound quickly according to the event or ritual being held or accompanied by the gamelan like gamelan [[Banyuwangi]] which has a faster tempo and uses high notes. Javanese gamelan has pelog and slendro tunings, if the pelog consists of notations 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 (ji, ro, lu, pat, mo, nem, tu), slendro has notation 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, i (ji, ro, lu, mo, nem, i).

<gallery widths="300px" heights="200px" perrow="5" caption="Javanese gamelan">

Kraton Jogja-Gamelan.jpg|Javanese gamelan being played in [[Keraton Yogyakarta]], [[Indonesia]], on 25 October 2009
COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Yogyakarta Midden-Java. Opvoering van Wajang Kulit spel met Gamelanbegeleiding ter gelegenheid van de vijftienjarige troonsverheffing van HB VIII in zijn oude huis op Sompilan 12 Ngasem TMnr 60043327.jpg|[[Wayang Kulit]] performance with Gamelan accompaniment in the context of the appointment of the throne for [[Hamengkubuwono VIII]]'s fifteen years in [[Yogyakarta]], between 1900 and 1940
COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Een groep zangeressen met een gamelanorkest in de kraton van prins Mangkoe Negoro te Solo TMnr 60005058.jpg|A gamelan ensemble with a group of singers ([[Sindhen]] (Female) and [[Gerong]] (Male)) at the [[Mangkunegaran]] Royal Palace in [[Surakarta]], [[Central Java]], between 1870 and 1892
COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Een Gamelan-orkest speelt ter gelegenheid van de installatie van de zoon van wijlen Paku Alam VII in de dalem het verblijf van de vorst te Yogyakarta Java TMnr 10003354.jpg|A Gamelan Ensemble was played to accompany the inauguration of the Prince of the late [[Paku Alam VII]] at [[Pakualaman]] Palace, [[Yogyakarta]], [[Indonesia]], before 1949
KITLV 3930 - Kassian Céphas - A Dalang, a pesinden and nijaga with a gamelan in the Kraton of the Sultan of Yogyakarta - Around 1885.tif|A [[Dalang (puppeteer)|Dalang]] (puppeteer), [[Sindhen]] (singer) and Wiyaga (gamelan musicians) with a Javanese gamelan at [[Keraton Yogyakarta]], the sultan's palace in Yogyakarta c. 1885
COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Gamelanorkest TMnr 60043216.jpg|Gamelan orchestra in [[East Java]], late 19th century
</gallery>

===Balinese gamelan===
Balinese gamelan is one type of traditional gamelan ensemble that originates and develops in the island of Bali. Balinese gamelan is an inseparable ensemble of Balinese life, almost all villages in Bali have gamelan. The gamelan can be used as part of Hindu worship in Bali or as community entertainment in the Banjar in villages of Bali. Because gamelan also functions as a medium for socializing with each other, it can be seen that playing gamelan requires cooperation between players to get the desired tone or sound harmony. This Balinese gamelan has several differences from gamelan instruments in general, both in form and how to play it. This Balinese gamelan is usually performed as an accompaniment to an art performance in Bali, both sacred and entertainment.

Balinese gamelan is often used to accompany religious ceremonies and entertainment. In terms of religion, Balinese Gamelan is often displayed to accompany the running of religious ceremonies or to accompany sacred traditional dances. Meanwhile, in terms of entertainment, Balinese Gamelan is often presented as a musical performance as well as accompaniment to various arts that are entertainment in Bali.

Gamelan in Bali known as gambelan is commonly used in traditional ritual processions such as death ceremonies which we know as the Ngaben tradition. Meanwhile, for human ceremonies, gender is used and for ceremonies in temples, gong gede is usually used. In terms of the development of the era, Balinese gamelan can be divided into 3 types:<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gambelan (Gamelan) Bali – Ensambel Musik Tradisional Khas Budaya Bali|url=https://blogkulo.com/gamelan-bali/|access-date=16 December 2020|work=blogkulo|date=26 May 2018|archive-date=17 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190217142547/https://blogkulo.com/gamelan-bali/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*Gamelan wayah. This old type of gamelan is thought to have existed before the 15th century. This gamelan is generally dominated by keys in the form of keys and does not use drums (Selonding, Gender Wayang, Baleganjur, Genggong, Gambang, Angklung, Bebonangan, Geng Beri, Caruk, Gong Luwang)
*Gamelan madya. This gamelan comes from around the 16th-19th century. In this era, the barungan gamelan already used drums and tuned instruments. In this barungan, drums have started to play a role in a show (Bebarongan, Pelegongan, Batel Barong, Joged Pingitan, Penggambuhan, Gong Gedé, Semar Pagulingan)
*Gamelan anyar. This gamelan includes a new type of group, which includes the types of gamelan barungan that emerged in the 20th century. This gamelan barungan appears in one of the most prominent features, namely the game of drums (Semaradana, Bumbung Gebyog, Adi Merdangga, Jégog, Manikasanti, Bumbang, Gong Suling, Joged Bumbung, Janger, Geguntangan, Genta Pinara Pitu, Kendang Mabarung, Gong Kebyar, Okakan or Grumbungan, Tektekan)

<gallery widths="300px" heights="200px" perrow="5" caption="Balinese Gamelan">

COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Gamelan op Bali. TMnr 60008124.jpg|Balinese Gamelan Performance (part of the [[ritual]]) in a [[Temple]], [[Bali]], Circa 1920
COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Balinese danser voert een dans uit onder begeleiding van een gamelanorkest TMnr 10004737.jpg|A [[Balinese people|balinese]] dancer performed [[Kebyar duduk]] dance accompanied by a Balinese gamelan Ensemble, [[Bali]], [[Indonesia]], before 1952
COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Barong dansvoorstelling begeleid door gamelanorkest TMnr 60049172.jpg|[[Barong dance]] performance accompanied by a gamelan ensemble, [[Bali]], [[Indonesia]], before 1959
COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Legong dansvoorstelling in Oeboed TMnr 10026859.jpg|Balinese girls practiced legong dance accompanied by gamelan in [[Ubud]], [[Bali]], [[Dutch east Indies]], between 1910 and 1930
COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Gamelan in een dorp bij Soekawati na een lijkverbrandingceremonie TMnr 60042715.jpg|Balinese Gamelan in a village near [[Sukawati]], [[Bali]] after the Cremation Ceremony on 21 September 1922
Balinese men playing gamelan.jpg|[[Balinese gamelan]] being played in [[Kuta, Bali]], Indonesia, on 23 September 2010
</gallery>

===Sundanese gamelan===
The Sundanese gamelan is one of the typical gamelan ensembles from [[West Java]] and [[Banten]] province (Tatar [[Pasundan]] ) in Indonesia. In the manuscript [[Sanghyang Siksa Kandang Karesian]], the art of gamelan is estimated to have entered in the 16th century. The text describes a contemporary gamelan player called K''umbang Gending'' and a musical expert called ''Paraguna''. Sundanese gamelan is also called [[Degung]]. The word ''Degung'' is said to have originated from the word "Ratu-agung" or "Tumenggung", since at the time, Gamelan Degung was very popular with officials. There are three types of Sundanese gamelan, including:
*Gamelan salendro. This is usually used to accompany wayang performances, dances, and cliningan. Because it is often used in the performing arts, the salendro gamelan is also a popular gamelan among other gamelan types.
*Gamelan renteng. This gamelan developed in several places, one of which is in Batu Karut, Cikalong. Based on the form and intervals of the gamelan renteng, there is an opinion that most likely the current Sundanese gamelan started from the gamelan renteng.
*Gamelan ketuk tilu. This gamelan is usually used to accompany the arts of ketuk tilu, ronggeng gunung, ronggeng ketuk, doger, and topeng banjet.

<gallery widths="300px" heights="200px" perrow="5" caption="Sundanese Gamelan">

COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Gamelan met danseres bij een pondok in de Plantentuin van Tjibodas West-Java TMnr 60013638.jpg|Sundanese Gamelan with a dancer and [[Wayang Golek]] in a hut in [[Cibodas Botanical Garden]], [[West Java]] on 28 September 1904
COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Dansvoorstelling tijdens een feest van een regent uit de Preanger TMnr 60009261.jpg|A gamelan ensemble and Dance show party for the regent of [[Preanger]] (Now [[Parahyangan]]) [[West Java]], between 1880 and 1920
COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Gamelanorkest van de regent van Bandoeng TMnr 60025410.jpg|Sundanese gamelan ensemble of Bandung's Regent, [[West Java]], [[Dutch east Indies]], between 1857 and 1890
Gamelan Laras Slendro Si Ketuyung Keraton Kasepuhan.jpg|A gamelan laras slendro Si Ketuyung (sacred gamelan), a set of gamelan instruments made in 1748, a legacy of Sultan Sepuh IV, [[Keraton Kasepuhan]], [[Cirebon]], [[Indonesia]]
COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Een gamelanorkest TMnr 60018011.jpg|[[Gamelan Degung]] Ensemble, This photo was taken at Annual [[Exhibition]] in [[Java]]. between 1910 and 1930
Gamelandegung.jpg|[[Sundanese people|Sundanese]] [[Gamelan Degung]] Performance from [[West Java]], [[Indonesia]], on 6 November 2007
</gallery>

Outside the main core of [[Java]] and [[Bali]], the gamelan has spread through migration and cultural interest, with new styles sometimes resulting. The variety of gamelan can be found in over 25 countries outside Indonesia, presenting both traditional and experimental repertoire.