Editing Galvanometer (section)

===D'Arsonval and Deprez===
[[File:A moving coil galvanometer. Wellcome M0016397.jpg|thumb|An early d'Arsonval moving coil galvanometer]]

The early moving-magnet form of galvanometer had the disadvantage that it was affected by any magnets or iron masses near it, and its deflection was not linearly proportional to the current. In 1882 [[Jacques-Arsène d'Arsonval]] and [[Marcel Deprez]] developed a form with a stationary permanent magnet and a moving coil of wire, suspended by fine wires which provided both an electrical connection to the coil and the restoring torque to return to the zero position. An iron tube between the magnet's pole pieces defined a circular gap through which the coil rotated. This gap produced a consistent, radial magnetic field across the coil, giving a linear response throughout the instrument's range. A mirror attached to the coil deflected a beam of light to indicate the coil position. The concentrated magnetic field and delicate suspension made these instruments sensitive; d'Arsonval's initial instrument could detect ten [[Ampere|microamperes]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Keithley |first=Joseph F. |year=1999 |title=The story of electrical and magnetic measurements: from 500 B.C. to the 1940s |publisher=John Wiley and Sons |isbn=0-7803-1193-0 |pages=196–198}}</ref>