Editing Freiburg im Breisgau (section)

==Religion==
{{Unreferenced section|date=October 2021}}
'''Christianity'''

Freiburg belonged to Austria until 1805 and remained Catholic, although surrounding villages like [[Haslach (Freiburg)|Haslach]], Opfingen, Tiengen, and the surrounding land ruled by the [[Margrave of Baden]] became Protestant as a result of the Reformation. The city was part of the [[Diocese of Konstanz]] until 1821. That same year, Freiburg became an [[episcopal see]] of the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Freiburg]]. Due to a dispute between the government of Baden and the [[Holy See]], the [[Archbishop of Freiburg|archbishop]] officially took office in 1827.
[[File:Freiburger-muenster.png|thumb|250px|right|The Freiburger Minster: one of Freiburg's most famous landmarks]]

The borders of the archdiocese correspond with the borders of the former [[State of Baden|province of Baden]] and the former Margraviate of Hohenzollern. The cathedral, in which the bishop resides, is [[Freiburg Minster]]. Also, part of the [[ecclesiastical province]] of Freiburg are the [[suffragan diocese]]s of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Mainz|Mainz]] and [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Rottenburg-Stuttgart|Rottenburg-Stuttgart]].

Until 1929, the dioceses of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Limburg|Limburg]] and [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Fulda|Fulda]] also belonged to this ecclesiastical province. The Archbishop of Freiburg holds the title of metropolitan and the German headquarters of the [[link to Caritas Germany]] is in Freiburg.

[[Saint George]] (the flag of Freiburg has the cross of George), [[Lambert of Maastricht]] and the catacomb saint, [[Alexander of Bergamo|Alexander]], are the patron saints of Freiburg. Many works of art depicting these saints are in the Freiburg Minster, on the Minster square, just as in the museums and archives of the city, including some by [[Hans Baldung Grien]], [[Hans Holbein the Younger]] and [[Gregorius Sickinger]].

In 1805, with the attack of Breisgau on the [[Grand Duchy of Baden]] by a Catholic ruler, many Protestants moved into the city. Since 2007, any Protestants who are not part of a 'free church' belong to the newly founded deanery of Freiburg as part of the parish of Südbaden which in itself is a part of the Landeskirche Baden.

The seat of the [[Evangelical Lutheran Church in Baden]], a free Lutheran church, is situated in Freiburg. There are multiple other free Protestant churches: e.g., the Calvary Chapel or Chrischona International. An old congregation has existed in Freiburg since the late 1900s, which utilises the old monastery church of the Ursulines in the black monastery at the border of the old city center. The Catholic Church of St. Maria Schutz has been made available for Masses by Greek, Serbian, Russian and Rumanian Orthodox congregations.

'''Judaism'''
{{Main|History of the Jews in Freiburg im Breisgau}}

[[Jews]] are said to have lived in the city before 1230, but it was only after 1230 that they supposedly founded an official community in the Webergasse (a small street within the town center). The counts of Freiburg bought the lucrative [[Schutzjude]], which means that all personal information on Jews living in Freiburg was directly sent to [[Konrad II]] and his co-reigning son Friedrich. The two issued a comprising letter promising safety and liberty to all local Jews on 12 October 1338. It lost all value shortly after, however, on 1 January 1349. Although the [[Plague (disease)|plague]] had not yet broken out in the city, Jews were accused of having spread it and taken into custody. All Jews except pregnant women were burned alive on 31 January 1349. The remaining children were forced to be baptised. This pogrom left Jews very hesitant to resettle in the city. In 1401, the city council decreed a regulation banning all Jews from Freiburg (orig. Middle High German dialect: "daz dekein Jude ze Friburg niemmerme sin sol". This was officially reaffirmed by King Sigismund with a ban for life (orig. German: “Ewige Vertreibung”) in 1424. Not until 1809 were Jews again allowed permanent residence within the city. They subsequently founded a Jewish community in 1836.

At the [[Kristallnacht]] in 1938, the synagogue, built in 1870, was set afire. Numerous shops and apartments of Jewish citizens of Freiburg were devastated and plundered by National Socialists without the intervention of police or fire department. Male, wealthy, Jewish citizens were kidnapped and taken to [[concentration camps]] (in [[Buchenwald]] and [[Dachau, Bavaria|Dachau]]) where they were subjected to forced labor or executed and their money and property stolen.

On 22 October 1940, the remaining Jews of Baden and Pfalz were deported to [[Gurs internment camp|Camp de Gurs]] in southern France. One among many collecting points was Annaplatz. So-called '[[Stolpersteine]]', tiles with names and dates on them, commemorate the victims of the prosecution of Jews during the Nazi-Era in the city's cobble. Journalist Käthe Vordtriede of the [[Volkswacht (Freiburg)|Volkswacht]] even received two Stolpersteine to commemorate her life. The first one was inserted into the ground in front of the Vordtriede-Haus Freiburg in 2006 and the second one in front of the Basler Hof, the regional authorities, in spring 2013. This was also the seat of the [[Gestapo]] until 1941, where unrelenting people were cruelly interrogated, held prisoner or deported. The only solutions were flight or emigration. The [[Werner Vordtriede|Vordtriede family]] managed to escape in time.