Editing Foreign relations of Taiwan (section)

==International disputes==
{{See also|China and the United Nations}}

[[File:Voting res 2758.svg|thumb|500px|The vote in the UN General Assembly on [[Resolution 2758]] (1971) recognizing the People's Republic of China as "the only legitimate representative of China".<br />'''Green''' = In favour, '''Red''' = Against, '''Blue''' = Abstention, '''Yellow''' = Non-voting, '''Grey''' = Non-UN-members or dependencies.<ref>{{Cite journal|publisher=United Nations Digital Library|url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/735611?ln=en|page=41|title=General Assembly, 26th session : 1976th plenary meeting, Monday, 25 October 1971, New York (A/PV.1976)|journal=United Nations Digital Library System|quote="In favour: Ceylon, Chile, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Ghana, Guinea, Guyana, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Kenya, Kuwait, Laos, Libyan Arab Republic, Malaysia, Mali, Mauritania Mexico Mongolia, Morocco, Nepal, Netherlands, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, People's Democratic Republic of Yemen People's, Republic of the Congo, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Somalia, Sudan, Sweden, Syrian Arab Republic, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United Republic of Tanzania, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zambia, Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Austria, Belgium, Bhutan, Botswana, Bulgaria, Burma, Burundi, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Cameroon, Canada. Against: Central African Republic, Chad, Congo (Democratic republic of), Costa Rica, Dahomey, Dominican Republic, EI Salvador, Gabon, Gambia, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Ivory Coast, Japan, Khmer Republic, Lesotho, Libena, Madagascar, Malawi, Malta, New Zealand Nicaragua, Niger, Paraguay, Philippines, Saudi Arabia South Africa, Swaziland, United States of America, Upper Volta, Uruguay, Venezuela, Australia, Bolivia, Brazil. Abstentions: Colombia, Cyprus, Fiji, Greece, Indonesia, Jamaica, Jordan, Lebanon, Luxembourg, Mauritius, Panama, Qatar, Spain, Thailand, Argentina, Bahrain, Barbados."|year=1974|archive-date=15 February 2020|access-date=15 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215090149/https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/735611?ln=en|url-status=live}}</ref>]]

In the 1970s many countries switched diplomatic recognition from the ROC to the PRC, including the United States, Japan and Canada. In October 1971, [[Resolution 2758]] was passed by the [[United Nations General Assembly|UN General Assembly]], expelling "the representatives of Chiang Kai-shek" and transferring China's seat on the [[United Nations Security Council|Security Council]] to the PRC. The resolution declared that "the representatives of the Government of the PRC are the only lawful representatives of China to the United Nations." However, the ''[[eo ipso]]'' nature of [[Taiwan and weapons of mass destruction]] remained a contentious issue.{{clarify|date=May 2018}}

Many attempts by the ROC to rejoin the UN have not made it past the committee, due to PRC opposition and threats of veto. President [[Chen Shui-bian]] argued that Resolution 2758, replacing the ROC with the PRC in 1971, addressed only the question of who should have China's seat in the UN rather than whether an additional seat for the [[Free area of the Republic of China|Taiwan Area]] could be created to represent the 23 million people residing in the Taiwanese mainland and [[list of islands of Taiwan|other islands]].

Since the 1970s, the PRC and ROC have competed for diplomatic recognition from nations across the world, often by offering financial aid to poorer countries as an inducement.<ref>{{cite journal|surname=Hu|given=Shaohua|title=Small State Foreign Policy: The Diplomatic Recognition of Taiwan|journal=China: An International Journal|volume=13|number=2|year=2015|pages=1–23|doi=10.1353/chn.2015.0013|s2cid=251640214}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|surname=Rich|given=Timothy S.|title=Status for Sale: Taiwan and the Competition for Diplomatic Recognition|journal=Issues & Studies|volume=45|number=4|year=2009|pages=159–188|url=http://www.timothysrich.com/documents/Status_for_Sale_Taiwan_Recognition.pdf|access-date=17 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220100047/http://www.timothysrich.com/documents/Status_for_Sale_Taiwan_Recognition.pdf|archive-date=20 December 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> As a precondition for diplomatic relations, the PRC requires that the other country renounce any recognition of the ROC. Since the introduction of the "pragmatic diplomacy" ({{lang-zh|labels=no|t=務實外交 |p=Wùshí wàijiāo}}) policy in 1991, the ROC has not insisted on consideration as the sole representative of China, and does not require nations that recognise it to end their relations with the PRC.<ref name=Zou>{{cite book|chapter=Chinese approaches to international law|given=Keyuan|surname=Zou|pages=171–194 [179]|title=China's International Relations in the 21st Century: Dynamics of Paradigm Shifts|editor-given1=Weixing R.|editor-surname1=Hu|editor-given2=Gerald|editor-surname2=Chan|editor-given3=Daojiong|editor-surname3=Zha|publisher=[[University Press of America]]|year=2000|isbn=978-1461678588}}</ref> For example, when [[Saint Lucia]] chose to recognise the ROC in 2007, Foreign Minister [[Rufus Bousquet]] said the decision "should not be construed as a severance of our relationship with the PRC".<ref>{{cite web|title=St Lucia chooses Taiwan|date=25 April 2007|work=[[BBC]]|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/caribbean/news/story/2007/04/070425_stluciataiwan.shtml|archive-date=14 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221114121849/https://www.bbc.co.uk/caribbean/news/story/2007/04/printable/070425_stluciataiwan.shtml}}</ref> However, the PRC responds to foreign recognitions of the ROC by suspending relations with the other country.<ref name=Zou/>

On less official terms, the ROC is involved in [[South China Sea disputes]] over control of the [[Spratly Islands]] with China, [[Malaysia]], the [[Philippines]], [[Vietnam]], and [[Brunei]]; and over the [[Paracel Islands]], occupied by China, but claimed by Vietnam and by the ROC.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.mofa.gov.tw/theme.aspx?n=1462&s=40&sms=294|title=South China Sea|website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China (Taiwan)|date=18 March 2022|access-date=9 January 2023|archive-date=9 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230109080154/https://en.mofa.gov.tw/theme.aspx?n=1462&s=40&sms=294|url-status=live}}</ref> The ROC government also claims the [[Senkaku Islands]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.mofa.gov.tw/Theme.aspx?n=2641&sms=294&s=122|title=Diaoyutai Islands|website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China (Taiwan)|access-date=9 January 2023|archive-date=9 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230109080157/https://en.mofa.gov.tw/Theme.aspx?n=2641&sms=294&s=122|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://thediplomat.com/2020/06/taiwan-president-asserts-sovereignty-over-disputed-islands-claimed-by-japan-and-china/|title=Taiwan President Asserts Sovereignty Over Disputed Islands Claimed by Japan and China|work=The Diplomat|date=6 June 2020|access-date=9 January 2023|archive-date=6 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506205806/https://thediplomat.com/2020/06/taiwan-president-asserts-sovereignty-over-disputed-islands-claimed-by-japan-and-china/|url-status=live}}</ref>

On October 14, 2024, China launched extensive military exercises near Taiwan in response to President Lai Ching-te's recent speech. Taiwan strongly criticized the move, and the U.S. raised concerns over rising tensions, with the drills marking part of China's broader pressure strategy.<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 October 2024 |title=China launches large military drills as 'stern warning' to Taiwan| newspaper=The Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2024/10/13/china-military-drills-taiwan-joint-sword/ |access-date= 13 October 2024}}</ref>