Editing Foreign relations of Mexico (section)

==Multilateral relations==

===United Nations===
{{Main|Mexico and the United Nations}}
Mexico is the tenth largest contributor to the United Nations (UN) regular budgets.<ref name="unbudget">{{cite web | author=United Nations | title=Regular Budget Payments of Largest Payers | year=2008 | publisher=Global Policy | url=http://www.globalpolicy.org/finance/tables/reg-budget/large08.htm | access-date=April 4, 2009 | archive-date=January 14, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200114114755/https://www.globalpolicy.org/component/content/article/133/27475.html | url-status=live }}</ref> Currently, it is a member of eighteen organizations arisen from the [[United Nations General Assembly|General Assembly]], [[United Nations Economic and Social Council|Economic and Social Council]] and other specialized organizations of the UN.<ref>Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2005), p. 230.</ref>
[[File:United Nations Security Council.jpg|thumb|right|300px|The [[United Nations Security Council]].]]
Mexico has served as a non-permanent member of the [[United Nations Security Council]] (UNSC) three times (1946, 1982–83, 2002–03). On October 17, 2008, picking up 185 votes, it was elected to serve as a non-permanent member for the fourth time, from January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2010.<ref>{{cite web | author=UN | title=Five non-permanent members of Security Council elected today | date=October 17, 2008 | publisher=United Nations | url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=28606&Cr=Security+Council&Cr1 | access-date=April 4, 2009 | archive-date=October 10, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211010023915/https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=28606&Cr=Security+Council&Cr1 | url-status=live }}</ref> Since April 1, Mexico holds the rotative presidency of the UNSC.<ref>{{cite web | author=Ministry of Foreign Affairs | title=México Preside el Consejo de Seguridad de la ONU | date=April 1, 2009 | publisher=SRE | url=http://www.sre.gob.mx/csocial/contenido/comunicados/2009/abr/cp_069.html | access-date=April 4, 2009 | language=es | archive-date=May 22, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522023237/http://www.sre.gob.mx/csocial/contenido/comunicados/2009/abr/cp_069.html | url-status=live }}</ref>

In recent years, the need of [[Reform of the United Nations Security Council|reforming the UNSC and its working methods]] has been widely impulsed by Mexico,<ref name="Foreign Affairs 2005 p. 215"/> with the support of Canada, Italy, Pakistan and other nine countries.<ref name="coffeeclub">{{cite news | author=Maggie Farley | title=Mexico, Canada Introduce Third Plan to Expand Security Council | date=July 22, 2005 | newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] | url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2005-jul-22-fg-unreform22-story.html | access-date=April 4, 2009 | archive-date=June 7, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220607004607/http://articles.latimes.com/2005/jul/22/world/fg-unreform22 | url-status=live }}</ref> And have formed a movement informally called the [[Coffee Club]], created in the 1990s, which highly opposes to the reform that the [[Group of Four]] (G4) suggests.<ref>{{cite web | author=Ayca Ariyoruk | title=Players and Proposals in the Security Council Debate | date=June 3, 2005 | publisher=SRE | url=http://www.globalpolicy.org/security/reform/cluster1/2005/0603models.htm | access-date=April 4, 2009 | archive-date=May 19, 2009 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090519045233/http://www.globalpolicy.org//security//reform/cluster1/2005/0603models.htm | url-status=live }}</ref>

In line with the [[Castañeda Doctrine]] of new openness in Mexico's foreign policy, established in the early first decade of the 21st century,<ref name="politicalaffairs"/> some political parties have proposed an amendment of the [[Constitution of Mexico|Constitution]] in order to allow the [[Mexican army]], [[Mexican Air Force|air force]] or [[Mexican Navy|navy]] to collaborate with the UN in [[Peacekeeping|peacekeeping missions]].<ref name="neutral"/>

===Organization of American States===
[[File:Permanent Mission of Mexico to the OAS in Washington, D.C.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Mexican Permanent Mission to the [[Organization of American States]] (OAS) in Washington, D.C..]]
As a founding member of the [[Organization of American States]] (OAS),<ref name="Velázquez Flores 2007, p. 145"/> Mexico has actively participated in the [[intergovernmental organization]]. Since the creation of the OAS, Mexico always promoted to include more principals related to [[Internationalism (politics)|international cooperation]] and less military aspects,<ref>Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 150.</ref> its position was based on the principles of [[non-intervention]] and the [[dispute resolution|pacific resolution of disputes]].<ref name="VF 169">Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 169.</ref> In addition, Mexico favored the membership of Canada in 1989 and [[Belize]] and [[Guatemala]] in 1991.<ref name="VF 169"/>

In 1964, under U.S. pressure, the OAS required all member countries to break off diplomatic ties with [[Cuba]]. Mexico refused, condemned the [[Bay of Pigs invasion]], and did not support the expulsion of Cuba from the OAS.<ref>Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 149.</ref> Years later, Mexico strongly opposed to the creation of a military alliance within the OAS framework, and condemned the [[United States invasion of Panama|U.S. invasion of Panama]] in 1989.<ref>Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 170.</ref>
{{Main|2005 Organization of American States Secretary General election}}
Under the [[Vicente Fox|Fox administration]], the candidacy of then-[[Secretary of Foreign Affairs (Mexico)|Secretary of Foreign Affairs]] [[Luis Ernesto Derbez]] for the [[Secretary General of the Organization of American States|Secretary General of the OAS]] was highly promoted. It eventually failed but brought a diplomatic crisis with [[Chile]] and harsh critics from the Mexican [[public opinion]] when Derbez had announced that he would no longer compete against [[José Miguel Insulza]] but the Mexican delegation abstained despite being previously agreed that it would vote for the Chilean candidate.<ref name="Velázquez Flores 2007 p. 289-301"/>

===Mega-Diverse Countries===
[[File:Megadiverse Countries.PNG|thumb|right|400px|The 17 countries identified as Megadiverse by [[Conservation International|CI]].]]
The '''megadiverse countries''' are a group of countries that harbor the majority of the Earth's species and are considered extremely [[Biodiversity|biodiverse]] and therefore are of utmost priority on the global environmental agenda. [[Conservation International]] identified 17 megadiverse countries<ref name="AUSGOP">{{cite web|url=http://www.environment.gov.au/soe/2001/publications/theme-reports/biodiversity/biodiversity01-3.html |title=Biodiversity, Australia State of the Environment Report 2001 (Theme Report): The meaning, significance and implications of biodiversity (Megadiverse countries) |access-date=February 21, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208141905/http://www.environment.gov.au/soe/2001/publications/theme-reports/biodiversity/biodiversity01-3.html |archive-date=December 8, 2008}}</ref> in 1998,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.conservation.org/documentaries/Pages/megadiversity.aspx |title=Video Gallery - Conservation International |website=Conservation.org |date=November 20, 2015 |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=July 24, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130724192509/http://www.environment.gov.au/soe/2001/publications/theme-reports/biodiversity/biodiversity01-3.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.biodiversitya-z.org/areas/26 |title=Megadiverse Countries definition |website=Biodiversity A-Z |date=November 20, 2014 |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=September 3, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903011526/http://www.biodiversitya-z.org/areas/26 |url-status=live }}</ref> most are located in or have territories in the tropics.

In 2002, [[Mexico]] formed a separate organization named Like-Minded Megadiverse Countries, consisting of countries rich in biological diversity and associated traditional knowledge.<ref name="llmc">{{cite web |url=http://www.lmmc.nic.in/index.php |title=:: Like-Minded Megadiverse Countries :: |access-date=August 24, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100214111023/http://www.lmmc.nic.in/index.php |archive-date=February 14, 2010}}</ref> This organization includes a different set of involved megadiverse countries than those identified by Conservation International.

===Participation in international organizations===
; Regional Organizations:
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* [[Latin American Integration Association|ALADI]]
* [[File:Flag of the Andean Community of Nations.svg|border|25px]] [[Andean Community of Nations|CAN]] {{small|(Observer)}}
* [[Community of Latin American and Caribbean States|CELAC]]
* [[Inter-American Development Bank|IDB]]
* [[Latin America, the Caribbean and the European Union Summit|LAC-EU]]
* [[Latin American Economic System|LAES]]
* [[Latin American Integration Association|LAIA]]
* [[Latin American integration|Latin American and Caribbean Integration and Development]]
* [[Latin American Pacific Rim Forum|LAPR]]
* [[Ibero-American Summit]]
* [[File:Flag of Mercosur Mercosul.svg|border|25px]] [[Mercosur]] {{small|(Observer)}}
* [[Organization of American States|OAS]]
* [[Organization of Ibero-American States|OEI]]
* [[Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean|OPANAL]]
* [[Rio Group]]
* [[File:Flag of the Central American Integration System.svg|border|25px]] [[Central American Integration System|SICA]] {{small|(Observer)}}
* [[Summits of the Americas]]
* [[File:Flag of UNASUR.svg|border|25px]] [[Union of South American Nations|UNASUR]] {{small|(Observer)}}
* [[United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean|UNECLAC]]
{{div col end}}

; International and Multilateral Organizations:
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* [[Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation|APEC]]
* [[Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons|CCW]]
* [[Conference on Disarmament|CD]]
* [[Codex Alimentarius Commission]]
* [[United Nations Economic and Social Council|ECOSOC]]
* [[File:FAO logo.svg|border|25px]] [[Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations|FAO]]
* [[G8+5]]
* [[Group of 15|G15]]
* [[G20 major economies|G20]]
* [[G20 developing nations|G20+]]
* [[Megadiverse countries|Group of Megadiverse Countries]]
* [[Megadiverse countries|GL-MMC]]
* [[International Bank for Reconstruction and Development|IBRD]]
* [[File:Emblem of the ICRC.svg|border|25px]] [[International Committee of the Red Cross|ICRC]]
* [[File:International Criminal Court logo.svg|border|25px]] [[International Criminal Court|ICC]]
* [[File:Flag of ILO.svg|border|25px]] [[International Labour Organization|ILO]]
* [[International Monetary Fund|IMF]]
* [[International Organization for Migration|IOM]]
* [[Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change|IPCC]]
* [[Inter-Parliamentary Union|IPU]]
* [[International Renewable Energy Agency|IRENA]]
* [[International Trade Centre|ITC]]
* [[Interpol (organization)|Interpol]]
* [[International Telecommunication Union|ITU]]
* [[Latin American Integration Association]]
* [[Latin Union]]
* [[Non-Aligned Movement|NAM]] {{small|(Observer)}}
* {{Flag|UN}}
* [[Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS|UNAIDS]]
* [[United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs|UNOCHA]]
* [[United Nations Conference on Trade and Development|UNCTAD]]
* [[United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research|UNDIR]]
* [[United Nations Environment Organization|UNEO]]
* [[United Nations Environment Programme|UNEP]]
* [[United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization|UNESCO]]
* [[UN High Commissioner for Refugees|UNHCR]]
* [[United Nations Institute for Training and Research|UNITAR]]
* [[United Nations Research Institute For Social Development|UNRISD]]
* [[World Tourism Organization|UNWTO]]
* [[File:Flag of UPU.svg|border|25px]] [[Universal Postal Union|UPU]]
* [[World Bank]]
* [[File:Flag of WHO.svg|border|25px]] [[World Health Organization|WHO]]
* [[World Intellectual Property Organization|WIPO]]
* [[File:Flag of the World Meteorological Organization.svg|border|25px]] [[World Meteorological Organization|WMO]]
* [[World Summit on the Information Society|WSIS]]
* [[World Trade Organization|WTO]]
{{div col end}}