Editing Football player (section)

===Life expectancy===
Studies have long shown former American football [[NFL]] players have a longer life expectancy than the general public or males with a similar age and race distribution, but a higher rate of cardiovascular issues.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Baron |first1=Sherry |last2=Rinsky |first2=Robert |title=Health hazard evaluation report: HETA-88-085, National Football League players mortality study. |journal=National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health |date=1994-01-10 |url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/nioshtic-2/20022075.html |access-date=10 July 2022}}</ref> A study comparing the deaths of former [[Major League Baseball]] players found baseball players lived longer still, perhaps suggesting a [[Healthy user bias|"healthy worker" bias]] where NFL athletes lived less long than they would otherwise have, despite their longer than average life expectancy.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Meredith |first1=Wadman |title=Former football pros die at a faster rate than baseball veterans |url=https://www.science.org/content/article/former-football-pros-die-faster-rate-baseball-veterans-and-reasons-are-surprising |publisher=Science|access-date=10 July 2022}}</ref>  A 2009 review of the evidence in the American Journal of Medicine concluded the existing evidence "did not suggest an increased mortality" but does "suggest increased cardiovascular risk..., particularly the heavier linemen."<ref>{{cite journal |title=Early Cardiovascular Mortality in Professional Football Players: Fact or Fiction? |journal=American Journal of Medicine |date=1 September 2009 |volume=122 |issue=9 |doi=10.1016/j.amjmed.2009.03.027 |url=https://www.amjmed.com/article/S0002-9343(09)00441-0/fulltext |access-date=10 July 2022|last1=Selden |first1=Michael A. |last2=Helzberg |first2=John H. |last3=Waeckerle |first3=Joseph F. |pages=811–814 |pmid=19699372 }}</ref>

In [[association football]], a 2011 German study found that German national team players lived 1.9 years less than the general male population.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Kuss | first1 = Oliver | last2 = Kluttig | first2 = Alexander | last3 = Greiser | first3 = Karin H. | title = Longevity of soccer players: an investigation of all German internationals from 1908 to 2006 | journal = Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports | volume = 21 | issue = 6 | pages = e260–e265 | doi = 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01269.x | pmid = 21435018 | date = December 2011 | s2cid = 30783906 }} [http://www.oliverkuss.de/science/publications/Kuss_Longevity_of_Soccer_Players_An_Investigation_of_all_German_Internationals_from_1908-2006.pdf Pdf.]</ref>

{{blockquote|Football players participating in international matches for Germany have reduced longevity compared to the general population. This disadvantage was the larger, the earlier the international football player started his international career. This finding is in line with the current knowledge of life expectancy in major athletes, especially those from other team sports|sign=|source=}}

A 1983 study of rugby players found that the life expectancy of [[New Zealand national rugby union team|All Blacks]] was the same as for the general population.<ref>{{Cite journal | pmid = 6578423 | year = 1983 | last1 = Beaglehole | first1 = R. | last2 = Stewart | first2 = A. | title = The longevity of international rugby players | journal = The New Zealand Medical Journal | volume = 96 | issue = 735 | pages = 513–515 | url = https://www.nzma.org.nz/journal | access-date = 24 September 2015 | archive-date = 26 March 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190326083117/https://www.nzma.org.nz/journal/read-the-journal/all-issues/2010-2019/2012/vol-125-no-1361/cc-hayes | url-status = dead }}</ref>

Australian rules footballers have lower death rates than the general population.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Orchard |first1=JW |author-link=John Orchard (doctor) |last2=Orchard |first2=JJ |last3=Semsarian |first3=C |last4=La Gerche |first4=A |last5=Driscoll |first5=T |date=2022 |title=Reduced death rates of elite Australian rules footballers compared to age-matched general population |url=https://www.jsams.org/article/S1440-2440(22)00214-6/fulltext |journal=Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport|volume=25 |issue=9 |pages=710–714 |doi=10.1016/j.jsams.2022.08.003 |pmid=35999145 |s2cid=251479792 }}</ref>