Editing Fjord (section)

==Differences in definitions==
[[File:Limski Istria 1.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Lim (Croatia)|Lim]] bay in Croatia is commonly called a fjord but is scientifically a [[ria]].]]

The differences in usage between the [[English language|English]] and the [[North Germanic languages|Scandinavian languages]] have contributed to confusion in the use of the term fjord. Bodies of water that are clearly fjords in Scandinavian languages are not considered fjords in English; similarly bodies of water that would clearly not be fjords in the Scandinavian sense have been named or suggested to be fjords. Examples of this confused usage follow.

In the [[Danish language]] some inlets are called a fjord, but are, according to the English language definition, technically not a fjord, such as [[Roskilde Fjord]]. [[Limfjord]] in English terminology is a [[sound (geography)|sound]], since it separates the [[North Jutlandic Island]] (Vendsyssel-Thy) from the rest of [[Jutland]]. However, the Limfjord once was a fjord until the sea broke through from the west. [[Ringkøbing Fjord]] on the western coast of Jutland is a [[lagoon]]. The long narrow fjords of Denmark's [[Baltic Sea]] coast like the German {{lang|de|[[Förde]]n}} were dug by ice moving from the sea upon land, while fjords in the geological sense were dug by ice moving from the mountains down to the sea. However, some definitions of a fjord is: "A long narrow inlet consisting of only one inlet created by glacial activity". Examples of Danish fjords are: [[Kolding Fjord]], [[Vejle Fjord]] and [[Mariager Fjord]].

The fjords in [[Finnmark]] in Norway, which are fjords in the [[Scandinavia]]n sense of the term, are not universally considered to be  fjords by the scientific community,<ref name="Bird2008a">Bird, E.C.F. (2008) ''Coastal Geomorphology: An Introduction'', 2nd ed. John Wiley and Sons Ltd. West Sussex, England. {{ISBN|978-0-470-51729-1}}</ref> because although glacially formed, most Finnmark fjords lack the steep-sided valleys of the more southerly Norwegian fjords. The glacial pack was deep enough to cover even the high grounds when they were formed. The [[Oslofjord]], on the other hand, is a [[rift valley]], and not glacially formed.

The indigenous [[Māori people]] of [[New Zealand]] see a fjord as a kind of sea ({{langx|mi|tai}}<!-- based on https://maoridictionary.co.nz/search?idiom=&phrase=&proverb=&loan=&histLoanWords=&keywords=tai -->) that runs by a [[bluff (geography)|bluff]] ({{lang|mi|matapari}}<!-- based on https://maoridictionary.co.nz/search?idiom=&phrase=&proverb=&loan=&histLoanWords=&keywords=matapari -->, altogether {{lang|mi|tai matapari}} "bluff sea").<ref>[https://geographicfeatures.linz.govt.nz/ "New Zealand Geographic Features"]. ''New Zealand Geographic Board Ngā Pou Taunaha o Aotearoa''. Toitū Te Whenua Land Information New Zealand.</ref>

==="Fjords" not created by glaciers===
The term "fjord" is sometimes applied to steep-sided inlets which were not created by glaciers. Most such inlets are drowned river canyons or [[ria]]s. Examples include:
* In [[Acapulco]], [[Mexico]], the [[calanque]]s (narrow, rocky inlets) on the western side of the city, where the famous cliff-divers perform daily, are described in the city's tourist literature <!--or in guidebooks; more than one--> as being fjords.<!--I think they even attribute them to glaciation-->
* The calanques of [[Calanques National Park|Parc national des Calanques]], [[Provence]], France, are also referred to as fjords.<ref>{{cite web |title= The Calanques: A Gem at the Edge of Marseille |url=https://provence-alpes-cotedazur.com/en/provence/get-inspired/provencal-coast/the-calanques-fjords-a-jewel-at-the-gateway-to-marseille/#:~:text=The%20Calanques%20fjords&text=Welcome%20to%20Provence's%20most%20natural,the%20azure%20blue%20waters%20below. |website= cotedazur.com | date=30 January 2019 | publisher= Provence-Alpes-Cote D'Azur Tourism |access-date= 7 May 2024}}</ref>
* [[River Camel|Camel Estuary]] at [[Padstow]], [[Cornwall]], England, is sometimes referred to as a fjord.<ref name="kfurgusson">{{cite book |last1= Fergusson |first1=Kirsty |title=Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly |date=2023 |publisher= Bradt Travel Guides |isbn= 9781804690987}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=June 2024}} despite being classified as a ria.
* The [[Fiordo di Furore]] in Italy is actually a ria.
* [[Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica|Golfo Dulce]] in [[Puntarenas Province|Puntarenas]], Costa Rica. Like the Saco de Mamangua below, it is sometimes described as a "tropical fjord".
* The [[Khor ash Sham]] in the [[Musandam Peninsula]] in [[Oman]], and other "khors" or inlets in the deeply indented coast of Musandam, are often described as "fjords". They were formed by the [[subduction]] of the [[Arabian Plate|Arabian tectonic plate]] beneath the [[Eurasian Plate|Eurasian plate]].<ref>{{cite news |date=25 October 2014 |title=The hardship posting to end all hardship postings |publisher=BBC |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-magazine-monitor-29761017}}</ref>
* [[Bay of Kotor]] in [[Montenegro]]
* the [[Lim (Croatia)|Lim]] bay in [[Istria]], [[Croatia]], is sometimes called "Lim fjord" although it is a [[ria]] dug by the river Pazinčica. The [[Croats]] call it ''{{lang|hr|Limski kanal}}'', which does not translate precisely to the English equivalent either.
* [[Milford Haven Waterway]] in [[Pembrokeshire]], Wales. This inlet is a [[ria]]. The place-name is derived from Old Norse ''Melrfjordr'' meaning "sandbank fjord".
* [[Port Davey]] in [[Tasmania]], Australia is popularly believed to be a "fjord", but is now thought to be part of a drowned river valley system.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Barker |first1=W E |last2=Ahmad |first2=Naseer |title=Re-examination of the 'fjord' theory of Port Davey, Tasmania (1959) |url= https://eprints.utas.edu.au/14081/1/1959_Baker_Re-examination_Fjord_Theory_Port_Davey.pdf | via= utas.edu.au |access-date=29 September 2023}}</ref>
* {{ill|Saco do Mamanguá|pt}} in [[Paraty]], [[Rio de Janeiro (state)|Rio de Janeiro]], Brazil.<ref name="shortandrew">{{cite book |last1= Da F Klein |first1=Antonio Henrique |last2=Short |first2=Andrew D |title= Brazilian Beach Systems |date=19 July 2016 |publisher=Springer |isbn= 9783319303949 |page=389 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tm2zDAAAQBAJ |access-date=1 March 2023}}</ref> Colloquially, it's been labeled the world's "only tropical fjord".