Editing Filling station (section)

===Environment===
Gasoline can leak into the surrounding soil and water, posing many health risks.<ref name="Hilpert Mora Ni Rule 2015 pp. 412–422">{{cite journal | last1=Hilpert | first1=Markus | last2=Mora | first2=Bernat Adria | last3=Ni | first3=Jian | last4=Rule | first4=Ana M. | last5=Nachman | first5=Keeve E. | title=Hydrocarbon Release During Fuel Storage and Transfer at Gas Stations: Environmental and Health Effects | journal=Current Environmental Health Reports | publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC | volume=2 | issue=4 | date=2015-10-05 | issn=2196-5412 | doi=10.1007/s40572-015-0074-8 | pages=412–422| doi-access=free | pmid=26435043 | bibcode=2015CEHR....2..412H }}</ref> Areas formerly occupied by filling stations are often contaminated, resulting in [[brownfield]]s and [[urban blight]]. Underground storage tanks (USTs) were typically made of steel and were common in the United States, but were prone to corrosion. They began to receive national attention in 1983 after an episode of ''[[60 Minutes]]'' documented significant drinking water contamination from a [[Mobil]] gas station in the Canob Park neighborhood  of [[Richmond, Rhode Island]]. It had been determined that the station's underground tanks had been leaking gasoline into the local water system since the station opened in 1968.<ref name="Detz 2015 g977">{{cite web | last=Detz | first=Joanna | title=Rural Rhode Island Town at Epicenter of Leaking Fuel Tank Story | website=ecoRI News | date=2015-05-20 | url=https://ecori.org/2015-5-20-rural-ri-town-at-epicenter-of-leaking-fuel-tank-story/ | access-date=2023-10-13}}</ref> This led to regulations banning these types of tanks in 1985.<ref name="epa14-05">{{cite report | url=https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/280921/files/NCEE2014-05.pdf | title=Prevention, cleanup, and reuse benefits from the federal UST program | last1=Jenkins | first1=Robin R. | last2=Guignet | first2=Dennis | last3=Walsh | first3=Patrick J. | institution=U.S. Environmental Protection Agency | year=2014 | access-date=2023-10-13}}</ref> However, tanks at gas stations that ceased operation before 1986 are unlikely to have been recorded, and many old underground gasoline and oil storage tanks are thus unknowingly buried beneath redeveloped land, contributing to soil, groundwater, and indoor air pollution.<ref name="Yasenchak 2009 pp. 144–152">{{cite journal | last=Yasenchak | first=Leah Benedict | title=Research Article: What We Know About the Ubiquitous Brownfield: A Case Study of Two New Jersey Cities and Their Gas Stations | journal=Environmental Practice | publisher=Informa UK Limited | volume=11 | issue=3 | year=2009 | issn=1466-0466 | doi=10.1017/s1466046609990123 | pages=144–152| s2cid=129447620 }}</ref>

Because of the relatively small size of former stations (compared to larger brownfields), the cost-per-acre to rehabilitate the land is higher; the total cost in the United States is not known but is in the billions of dollars.<ref name="Yasenchak 2009 pp. 144–152"/> Individual cleanups may be complex, with some in Canada taking decades and costing millions of dollars both for the cleanup efforts and in legal fees to determine whether individuals, governments, or corporations are liable for costs.<ref name="Narwhal 2022 c263">{{cite web | last=Anderson | first=Drew | title=A Petro-Canada gas station polluted their land decades ago — they're still fighting to get it cleaned up | website=The Narwhal | date=2022-01-08 | url=https://thenarwhal.ca/airdrie-motel-alberta-oil-contamination/ | access-date=2023-09-27}}</ref>