Editing Fahrenheit 451 (section)

==Publication history==
The first U.S. printing was a paperback version from October 1953 by The Ballantine Publishing Group. Shortly after the paperback, a hardback version was released that included a special edition of 200 signed and numbered copies bound in [[asbestos]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Tuck|first=Donald H.|author-link=Donald H. Tuck|date=March 1974|title=The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction and Fantasy|location=Chicago, Illinois|publisher=Advent|isbn=0-911682-20-1|lccn=73091828|volume=1: Who's Who, A–L|page=62|quote=Special edition bound in asbestos—200 copies ''ca''. 1954, $4.00 [probably Ballantine text]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Fahrenheit 451|url=http://www.spaceagecity.com/bradbury/f451.htm|work=Ray Bradbury Online|publisher=spaceagecity.com|access-date=September 4, 2013|quote=200 copies were signed and numbered and bound in 'Johns-Manville Quinterra,' an asbestos material.|archive-date=May 16, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170516052254/http://www.spaceagecity.com/bradbury/f451.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=koster_p164_2>{{cite book|editor-last=De Koster|editor-first=Katie|title=Readings on Fahrenheit 451|url=https://archive.org/details/readingsonfahren00deko|url-access=registration|year=2000|series=Literary Companion Series|publisher=Greenhaven Press|location=San Diego, CA|isbn=1-56510-857-4|page=[https://archive.org/details/readingsonfahren00deko/page/164 164]|quote=A special limited-edition version of the book with an asbestos cover was printed in 1953.}}</ref> These were technically collections because the novel was published with two short stories, "The Playground" and "And the Rock Cried Out", which have been omitted from later printings.<ref name=crider/><ref>{{cite book|last=Weller|first=Sam|author-link=Sam Weller (journalist)|title=The Bradbury Chronicles: The Life of Ray Bradbury|year=2006|publisher=HarperCollins|isbn=978-0-06-054584-0|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EiWCIK4vGSMC&q=%22The+Playground%22+%22and+the+rock+cried+out%22&pg=PA208|page=208|quote=To fulfill his agreement with Doubleday that the book be a collection rather than a novel, the first edition of ''Fahrenheit 451'' included two additional short stories—'The Playground' and 'And the Rock Cried Out.' (The original plan was to include eight stories plus ''Fahrenheit 451'', but Ray didn't have time to revise all the tales.) 'The Playground' and 'And the Rock Cried Out' were removed in much later printings; in the meantime, Ray had met his contractual obligation with the first edition. ''Fahrenheit 451'' was a short novel, but it was also a part of a collection.|access-date=November 11, 2020|archive-date=November 17, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117115827/https://books.google.com/books?id=EiWCIK4vGSMC&q=%22The+Playground%22+%22and+the+rock+cried+out%22&pg=PA208|url-status=live}}</ref> A few months later, the novel was serialized in the March, April, and May 1954 issues of nascent ''[[Playboy]]'' magazine.<ref name=aggelis_pxxix/><ref name=koster_p159>{{cite book|editor-last=De Koster|editor-first=Katie|title=Readings on Fahrenheit 451|url=https://archive.org/details/readingsonfahren00deko|url-access=registration|year=2000|series=Literary Companion Series|publisher=Greenhaven Press|location=San Diego, CA|isbn=1-56510-857-4|page=[https://archive.org/details/readingsonfahren00deko/page/159 159]|quote=A serialized version of ''Fahrenheit 451'' appears in the March, April, and May 1954 issues of ''Playboy'' magazine.}}</ref>

===Expurgation===

Starting in January 1967, ''Fahrenheit 451'' was subject to [[expurgation]] by its publisher, Ballantine Books, with the release of the "Bal-Hi Edition" aimed at high school students.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Crider|first=Bill|editor1-last=Lee|editor1-first=Billy C.|editor2-last=Laughlin|editor2-first=Charlotte|title=Reprints/Reprints: ''Ray Bradbury's FAHRENHEIT 451''|journal=Paperback Quarterly|date=Fall 1980|volume=III|issue=3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8FVzjEjyHH0C&q=%22The+censorship+began+with+a+special+Bal-Hi+edition+in+1967%2C+an+edition+designed+for+high+school+students%22&pg=PA25|page=25|quote=The censorship began with a special 'Bal-Hi' edition in 1967, an edition designed for high school students...|isbn=9781434406330|access-date=November 11, 2020|archive-date=May 4, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504155135/https://books.google.com/books?id=8FVzjEjyHH0C&q=%22The+censorship+began+with+a+special+Bal-Hi+edition+in+1967,+an+edition+designed+for+high+school+students%22&pg=PA25|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=karolides2011_1>{{cite book| last1=Karolides| first1=Nicholas J.| last2=Bald| first2=Margaret| last3=Sova| first3=Dawn B.| title=120 Banned Books: Censorship Histories of World Literature| edition=Second| year=2011| publisher=Checkmark Books| isbn=978-0-8160-8232-2|page=488|quote=In 1967, Ballantine Books published a special edition of the novel to be sold in high schools. Over 75 passages were modified to eliminate such words as ''hell'', ''damn'', and ''abortion'', and two incidents were eliminated. The original first incident described a drunk man who was changed to a sick man in the expurgated edition. In the second incident, reference is made to cleaning [[Lint (material)#Navel lint|fluff]] out of the human [[navel]], but the expurgated edition changed the reference to cleaning ears.}}</ref> Among the changes made by the publisher were the [[censorship]] of the words "hell", "damn", and "abortion"; the modification of seventy-five passages; and the changing of two incidents.<ref name=karolides2011_1/><ref>{{cite book| last=Burress| first=Lee| title=Battle of the Books: Literary Censorship in the Public Schools, 1950–1985|date=1989|publisher=Scarecrow Press| isbn=0-8108-2151-6| url=https://archive.org/details/battleofbookslit0000burr| url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/battleofbookslit0000burr/page/104 104]}}</ref>

In the first incident, a drunk man is changed to a "sick man", while the second involves cleaning [[Lint (material)#Navel lint|fluff]] out of a human [[navel]], which instead becomes "cleaning ears" in the other.<ref name=karolides2011_1/><ref name=greene2007>{{cite journal| last=Greene| first=Bill| date=February 2007| title=The mutilation and rebirth of a classic: Fahrenheit 451| journal=Compass: New Directions at Falvey| publisher=Villanova University| volume=III| issue=3| url=http://newsletter.library.villanova.edu/147| access-date=August 3, 2013| archive-date=February 11, 2021| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210211171456/http://newsletter.library.villanova.edu/147| url-status=live}}</ref> For a while, both the censored and uncensored versions were available concurrently, but by 1973, Ballantine was publishing only the censored version.<ref name=greene2007/><ref name=karolides2011_2>{{cite book|last1=Karolides|first1=Nicholas J.| last2=Bald| first2=Margaret| last3=Sova|first3=Dawn B.| title=120 Banned Books: Censorship Histories of World Literature| edition=Second|year=2011| publisher=Checkmark Books| isbn=978-0-8160-8232-2| page=488| quote=After six years of simultaneous editions, the publisher ceased publication of the adult version, leaving only the expurgated version for sale from 1973 through 1979, during which neither Bradbury nor anyone else suspected the truth.}}</ref> That continued until 1979, when it came to Bradbury's attention:<ref name=greene2007/><ref name=karolides2011_2/>

<blockquote>In 1979, one of Bradbury's friends showed him an expurgated copy of the book. Bradbury demanded that Ballantine Books withdraw that version and replace it with the original, and in 1980 the original version once again became available. In this reinstated work, in the Author's Afterword, Bradbury relates to the reader that it is not uncommon for a publisher to expurgate an author's work, but he asserts that he himself will not tolerate the practice of manuscript "mutilation".</blockquote>

The "Bal-Hi" editions are now referred to by the publisher as the "Revised Bal-Hi" editions.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Crider|first=Bill|editor1-last=Lee|editor1-first=Billy C.|editor2-last=Laughlin|editor2-first=Charlotte|title=Reprints/Reprints: ''Ray Bradbury's FAHRENHEIT 451''|journal=Paperback Quarterly|date=Fall 1980|volume=III|issue=3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8FVzjEjyHH0C&q=%22There+is+no+mention+anywhere+on+the+Bal-Hi+edition+that+it+has+been+abridged%2C+but+printing+histories+in+later+Ballantine+editions+refer+to+the+Revised+Bal-Hi+editions.%22&pg=PA25|page=25|quote=There is no mention anywhere on the Bal-Hi edition that it has been abridged, but printing histories in later Ballantine editions refer to the 'Revised Bal-Hi Editions'.|isbn=9781434406330|access-date=November 11, 2020|archive-date=November 17, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117115812/https://books.google.com/books?id=8FVzjEjyHH0C&q=%22There+is+no+mention+anywhere+on+the+Bal-Hi+edition+that+it+has+been+abridged%2C+but+printing+histories+in+later+Ballantine+editions+refer+to+the+Revised+Bal-Hi+editions.%22&pg=PA25|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Non-print publications===

An audiobook version read by Bradbury himself was released in 1976 and received a [[Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album|Spoken Word]] [[19th Annual Grammy Awards|Grammy nomination]].<ref name=grammy/> Another audiobook was released in 2005 narrated by Christopher Hurt.<ref>{{cite book|last=Bradbury|first=Ray|author-link=Ray Bradbury|others=Read by Christopher Hurt|title=Fahrenheit 451|year=2005|publisher=Blackstone Audiobooks|location=Ashland, OR|isbn=0-7861-7627-X|edition=Unabridged}}</ref> The [[e-book]] version was released in December 2011.<ref>{{cite news|title=Fahrenheit 451 becomes e-book despite author's feelings|date=November 30, 2011|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-15968500|access-date=August 24, 2013|archive-date=January 6, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130106225928/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-15968500|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Fahrenheit 451 ebook published as Ray Bradbury gives in to digital era|last=Flood|first=Alison|work=The Guardian|date=November 30, 2011|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2011/nov/30/fahrenheit-451-ebook-ray-bradbury|access-date=October 6, 2013|archive-date=October 2, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002215731/http://www.theguardian.com/books/2011/nov/30/fahrenheit-451-ebook-ray-bradbury|url-status=live}}</ref>