Editing F. W. de Klerk (section)

==Later life==

In 1994, de Klerk was elected to the [[American Philosophical Society]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=APS Member History|url=https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Frederik+Willem+de+Klerk&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced|access-date=14 February 2022|website=search.amphilsoc.org}}</ref>

In 1997, de Klerk was offered the Harper Fellowship at [[Yale Law School]]. He declined, citing protests at the university.<ref>Gold, Emily. (28 March 1997). [http://www.yaleherald.com/archive/xxiii/3.28.97/news/ethical.html Ethical controversy forces de Klerk to decline honor] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130630071726/http://www.yaleherald.com/archive/xxiii/3.28.97/news/ethical.html |date=30 June 2013 }}. ''Yale Herald'', 23. Retrieved 29 May 2012.</ref> De Klerk did, however, [[Robert C. Vance Distinguished Lecture Series|speak]] at [[Central Connecticut State University]] the day before his fellowship would have begun.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Carlson |first1=Meredith |last2=Dee |first2=Jane E |title='MY HANDS ARE CLEAN,' DE KLERK SAYS AT CENTRAL |url=https://www.courant.com/news/connecticut/hc-xpm-1997-04-24-9704240226-story.html |website=Hartford Courant |access-date=13 November 2021 |date=24 April 1997 |archive-date=13 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211113205015/https://www.courant.com/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Secretary Clinton Meets With Former South African President F.W. de Klerk.jpg|thumb|de Klerk with U.S. secretary of state [[Hillary Clinton]] in 2012]]

In 1999, de Klerk and his wife of 38 years, [[Marike de Klerk]], were divorced following the discovery of his affair with Elita Georgiades,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://english.people.com.cn/200112/06/eng20011206_86069.shtml|title=Ex-wife of de Klerk Murdered: S. African Police|work=People's Daily|date=6 December 2001|access-date=18 April 2006|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070208035915/http://english.people.com.cn/200112/06/eng20011206_86069.shtml|archive-date=8 February 2007}}</ref> then the wife of Tony Georgiades, a Greek shipping tycoon who had allegedly given de Klerk and the NP financial support.<ref>{{cite news |first=Terry |last=Crawford-Browne |url=http://www.peacenews.info/issues/2442/244220.html |title=A question of priorities |work=Peace News Issue 2442 |access-date=18 April 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060506110710/http://www.peacenews.info/issues/2442/244220.html |archive-date=6 May 2006 }}</ref> Soon after his divorce, de Klerk and Georgiades were married.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Reber|first=Pat|date=29 January 1998|title=de Klerk Acknowledges Affair|work=AP News|url=https://apnews.com/article/c253ff12b157433d1c943c0035e77dc7|access-date=13 November 2021}}</ref> His divorce and remarriage scandalised conservative South African opinion, especially among the [[Afrikaner Calvinism|Calvinist Afrikaners]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 November 2021 |title=FW de Klerk: South Africa's last white president |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13230608 |access-date=13 November 2022}}</ref> In 1999, his autobiography, ''The Last Trek – A New Beginning'', was published.<ref>{{Cite book |last=De Klerk |first=F. W. |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/41537779 |title=The last trek-- a new beginning : the autobiography |date=1999 |publisher=St. Martin's Press |isbn=0-312-22310-2 |location=New York |oclc=41537779}}</ref> In 2002, following the murder of his former wife, the manuscript of her own autobiography, ''A Place Where the Sun Shines Again'', was submitted to de Klerk, who urged the publishers to remove a chapter dealing with his infidelity.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.news24.com/Entertainment/SouthAfrica/FW-balked-at-Marikes-book-20101003 |title=FW baulked at Marike's book |publisher=News24 |access-date=11 December 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131214170748/http://www.news24.com/Entertainment/SouthAfrica/FW-balked-at-Marikes-book-20101003 |archive-date=14 December 2013 |date=3 October 2010}}</ref>

In 2000, de Klerk established the pro-peace [[FW de Klerk Foundation]] of which he was the chairman. De Klerk was also chairman of the [[Global Leadership Foundation]], headquartered in London, which he set up in 2004, an organisation which works to support democratic leadership, prevent and resolve conflict through mediation and promote good governance in the form of democratic institutions, open markets, human rights and the rule of law. It does so by making available, discreetly and in confidence, the experience of former leaders to today's national leaders. It is a not-for-profit organisation composed of former heads of government and senior governmental and international organisation officials who work closely with heads of government on governance-related issues of concern to them.

On 3 December 2001, Marike de Klerk was found stabbed and strangled to death in her Cape Town flat. De Klerk, who was on a brief visit to [[Stockholm]], Sweden, to celebrate the 100-year anniversary of the Nobel Prize foundation, immediately returned to mourn his dead ex-wife. The atrocity was condemned by South African president Thabo Mbeki and [[Winnie Mandela]], who openly spoke in favour of Marike de Klerk.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/southafrica/1364524/De-Klerks-ex-wife-is-found-knifed-and-strangled.html|title=De Klerk's ex-wife is found knifed and strangled|last=Butcher|first=Tim|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|date=6 December 2001|access-date=16 January 2020|language=en-GB|issn=0307-1235|archive-date=24 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200424082053/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/southafrica/1364524/De-Klerks-ex-wife-is-found-knifed-and-strangled.html|url-status=live}}</ref> On 6 December 21-year-old security guard Luyanda Mboniswa was arrested for the murder. On 15 May 2003, he received two life sentences for murder, as well as three years for breaking into Marike de Klerk's apartment.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3031761.stm|title=De Klerk killer 'gets life'|publisher=[[BBC]]|access-date=2 November 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305162701/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3031761.stm|archive-date=5 March 2016|date=15 May 2003}}</ref>

In 2005, de Klerk quit the [[New National Party (South Africa)|New National Party]] and sought a new political home after the NNP merged with the ruling ANC. That same year, while giving an interview to US journalist [[Richard Stengel]], de Klerk was asked whether South Africa had turned out the way he envisioned it back in 1990. His response was:

<blockquote>There are a number of imperfections in the new South Africa where I would have hoped that things would be better, but on balance I think we have basically achieved what we set out to achieve. And if I were to draw balance sheets on where South Africa stands now, I would say that the positive outweighs the negative by far. There is a tendency by commentators across the world to focus on the few negatives which are quite negative, like how are we handling AIDS, like our role vis-à-vis Zimbabwe. But the positives – the stability in South Africa, the adherence to well-balanced economic policies, fighting inflation, doing all the right things in order to lay the basis and the foundation for sustained economic growth – are in place.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cfr.org/southern-africa/hbo-history-makers-series-frederik-willem-de-klerk/p7114?breadcrumb=%2Fregion%2F151%2Fsouthern_africa|title=HBO History Makers Series: Frederik Willem de Klerk|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110622073025/http://www.cfr.org/southern-africa/hbo-history-makers-series-frederik-willem-de-klerk/p7114?breadcrumb=%2Fregion%2F151%2Fsouthern_africa|archive-date=22 June 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
</blockquote>

In 2008, he repeated in a speech that "despite all the negatives facing South Africa, he was very positive about the country".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=6&art_id=vn20081203053256125C466613 |title=News – Politics: de Klerk sanguine about SA |work=Independent Online |location=South Africa |access-date=29 June 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090430180521/http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1 |archive-date=30 April 2009 }}</ref>

In 2006, he underwent surgery for a [[Colon cancer|malignant tumor in his colon]]. His condition deteriorated sharply, and he underwent a [[tracheotomy]] after developing respiratory problems.<ref>{{cite news |title=FW undergoes tumour surgery |url=http://www.news24.com/News24/South_Africa/News/0,,2-7-1442_1944991,00.html |date=3 June 2006 |access-date=9 June 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060628170900/http://www.news24.com/News24/South_Africa/News/0,,2-7-1442_1944991,00.html |archive-date=28 June 2006 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.news24.com/News24/South_Africa/News/0,6119,2-7-1442_1948500,00.html |title=FW de Klerk 'stable' |date=9 June 2006 |access-date=9 June 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070217152909/http://www.news24.com/News24/South_Africa/News/0,6119,2-7-1442_1948500,00.html |archive-date=17 February 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.news24.com/News24/South_Africa/News/0,6119,2-7-1442_1950877,00.html |title=FW to have tracheotomy |date=13 June 2006 |access-date=13 June 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070219053623/http://www.news24.com/News24/South_Africa/News/0,6119,2-7-1442_1950877,00.html |archive-date=19 February 2007 }}</ref> He recovered and on 11 September 2006 gave a speech at [[Kent State University Stark Campus]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.fwdklerk.org.za/speeches.php|title=FW de Klerk Foundation Website – Speeches|date=11 September 2006|access-date=11 September 2006 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060822234542/http://www.fwdklerk.org.za/speeches.php <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 22 August 2006}}</ref><ref name="CNN 2006">{{Cite web|title=De Klerk told Mandela: Timing of release not negotiable – CNN|url=http://www.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/africa/12/21/btsc.koinange.deklerk/index.html|access-date=12 November 2021|publisher=CNN|archive-date=22 April 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090422175907/http://www.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/africa/12/21/btsc.koinange.deklerk/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In January 2007, de Klerk was a speaker promoting peace and democracy in the world at the "Towards a Global Forum on New Democracies" event in Taipei, Taiwan, along with other dignitaries including Poland's [[Lech Wałęsa]] and Taiwan's president [[Chen Shui-Bian]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mofa.gov.tw/webapp/content.asp?cuItem=25192&mp=6 |title=Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China; Press Release: H.E Young Sam, Kim, Former President of the Republic of Korea and his delegation arrived in Taiwan |publisher=Mofa.gov.tw |date=25 January 2007 |access-date=29 June 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090910043314/http://www.mofa.gov.tw/webapp/content.asp?cuItem=25192&mp=6 |archive-date=10 September 2009 }}</ref>

[[File:Frederik Willem de Klerk with Reuven Rivlin.jpg|thumb|de Klerk with Israeli president [[Reuven Rivlin]] in 2015]]

De Klerk was an Honorary Patron of the [[University Philosophical Society]] of [[Trinity College Dublin]], and Honorary Chairman of the [[Prague Society for International Cooperation]].<ref name="CNN 2006" /> He also received the gold medal for Outstanding Contribution to Public Discourse from the [[College Historical Society]] of Trinity College, Dublin, for his contribution to ending apartheid.

De Klerk was also a member of the advisory board of the Global Panel Foundation<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=http://www.globalpanel.org |publisher=Global Panel Foundation |access-date=12 November 2021 |archive-date=10 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510060911/http://globalpanel.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref>{{Verify source|date=November 2021}} based in Berlin, Copenhagen, New York, Prague, Sydney and Toronto—founded by the Dutch entrepreneur Bas Spuybroek in 1988, with the support of Dutch billionaire Frans Lurvink and former Dutch Foreign Minister [[Hans van den Broek]]. The Global Panel Foundation is known for its behind-the-scenes work in public policy and the annual presentation of the [[Hanno R. Ellenbogen Citizenship Award]] with the Prague Society for International Cooperation.

De Klerk was a member of the advisory board of the [[World.minds|WORLD.MINDS Foundation]], based in Switzerland. WORLD.MINDS is known for establishing close personal ties between leaders in government, science and business.

After the inauguration of Jacob Zuma as South Africa's president in May 2009, de Klerk said he was optimistic that Zuma and his government can "confound the prophets of doom".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=3086&art_id=vn20090513051442596C157812 |title=News – Election 2009: 'Zuma will confound the prophets of doom' |work=Independent Online |location=South Africa |access-date=29 June 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090516024730/http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=3086&art_id=vn20090513051442596C157812 |archive-date=16 May 2009 }}</ref>

In a BBC interview broadcast in April 2012, he said he lived in an all-white neighbourhood. He had five servants, three coloured and two black: "We are one great big family together; we have the best of relationships." About Nelson Mandela, he said, "When Mandela goes it will be a moment when all South Africans put away their political differences, will take hands, and will together honour maybe the biggest known South African that has ever lived."<ref>Interview by Stephen Sackur on Hardtalk, broadcast on [[BBC World Service]] 18 & 19 April 2012.</ref>

De Klerk received a [[pacemaker]] in July 2013.<ref>{{cite news| last =| first =| date = 2 July 2013| title = Former S. African President F.W. de Klerk to get pacemaker as Mandela enters 25th day in hospital| newspaper = CBS News| page =| url = https://www.cbsnews.com/news/former-s-african-president-fw-de-klerk-to-get-pacemaker-as-mandela-enters-25th-day-in-hospital/| access-date = 15 September 2023| quote =}}</ref>

Upon hearing of the [[Death of Nelson Mandela|death of Mandela]], de Klerk said: "He was a great unifier and a very, very special man in this regard beyond everything else he did. This emphasis on reconciliation was his biggest legacy."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://ewn.co.za/2013/12/06/De-Klerk-Mandela-united-South-Africa |title=Eyewitness News: De Klerk: Mandela united SA |publisher=Ewn.co.za |date=6 December 2013 |access-date=6 December 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131208072312/http://ewn.co.za/2013/12/06/De-Klerk-Mandela-united-South-Africa |archive-date=8 December 2013 }}</ref> He attended the memorial service for him on 10 December 2013.

In 2015, de Klerk wrote to ''The Times'' newspaper in the UK criticising a campaign to remove a statue of [[Cecil Rhodes]] from [[Oriel College, Oxford]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-35181303|title=FW De Klerk criticises Rhodes statue removal campaign|date=26 December 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151228115902/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-35181303|archive-date=28 December 2015|work=BBC News}}</ref> He was subsequently criticised by some activists who described it as "ironic" that the last apartheid president should be defending a statue of a man labelled by critics as the "architect of apartheid".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sbeta.iol.co.za/news/politics/rmf-activists-slam-de-klerk-1964400|title=RMF activists slam De Klerk – IOL}}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> South Africa's far-left [[Economic Freedom Fighters]] called for him to be stripped of his Nobel Peace Prize.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ewn.co.za/2015/12/28/EFF-calls-for-De-Klerk-to-be-stripped-off-Nobel-Peace-accolade|title=EFF calls for De Klerk to be stripped of Nobel Peace accolade|last=Sesant|first=Siyabonga|website=Eyewitness News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151230220911/http://ewn.co.za/2015/12/28/EFF-calls-for-De-Klerk-to-be-stripped-off-Nobel-Peace-accolade|archive-date=30 December 2015|url-status=live|access-date=28 December 2015}}</ref> In 2020, de Klerk told an interviewer that "the idea that apartheid was a crime against humanity was and remains an agitprop project initiated by the Soviets and their ANC/SACP allies to stigmatize white South Africans by associating them with genuine crimes against humanity."<ref name="dw.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/ex-south-african-president-de-klerk-withdraws-apartheid-comments-after-backlash/a-52410923|title=Ex-South African president de Klerk withdraws apartheid comments after backlash|date=17 February 2020|publisher=Deutsche Welle|access-date=2 May 2020|archive-date=18 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200218211655/https://www.dw.com/en/ex-south-african-president-de-klerk-withdraws-apartheid-comments-after-backlash/a-52410923|url-status=live}}</ref> This generated controversy in South Africa,<ref name="dw.com"/> and further calls for the removal of his Nobel Prize.<ref name="aljazeera.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2020/4/27/apartheid-was-never-prosecuted-s-africas-unfinished-business|title='Apartheid was never prosecuted': S Africa's unfinished business|first=Mia|last=Swart|publisher=Al Jazeera|access-date=2 February 2021|archive-date=7 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210207112144/https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2020/4/27/apartheid-was-never-prosecuted-s-africas-unfinished-business|url-status=live}}</ref> De Klerk's Foundation retracted his statement several days later.<ref name="dw.com"/>

===Illness and death===

{{Quote box|align=right|width=30%|quote=Allow me in this last message to share with you the fact that since the early 80s, my views changed completely. It was as if I had a conversion. And in my heart of hearts, I realized that apartheid was wrong. I realized that we had arrived at a place which was morally unjustifiable. My conversion, to which I refer didn't end with the admission to myself of the total unacceptability of apartheid. It motivated us in the National Party to take the initiatives we took from the time that I became leader of the National Party. And more specifically, during my presidency. We did not only admit the wrongness of apartheid, we took far-reaching measures to ensure negotiation and a new dispensation which could bring justice to all.| source=—&thinsp;de Klerk's final message<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/text-de-klerks-video-message-south-africa-2021-11-11/|title=Text of de Klerk's video message to South Africa|work=[[Reuters]]|date=November 11, 2021|access-date=November 12, 2021|archive-date=13 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211113034302/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/text-de-klerks-video-message-south-africa-2021-11-11/|url-status=live}}</ref>}}

On 19 March 2021, a day after his 85th birthday, it was announced that de Klerk had been diagnosed with [[mesothelioma]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/fw-de-klerk-diagnosed-with-cancer-undergoes-treatment-b085e48a-895e-42ba-817b-1d20b3a61d3c |first=Lee |last=Rondganger |date=19 March 2021 |title=FW de Klerk diagnosed with cancer, undergoes treatment |website=[[Independent Online (South Africa)|Independent Online]] |access-date=11 November 2021 |archive-date=11 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111174057/https://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/fw-de-klerk-diagnosed-with-cancer-undergoes-treatment-b085e48a-895e-42ba-817b-1d20b3a61d3c |url-status=live }}</ref> He died from complications of the disease in his sleep at his home in Fresnaye, Cape Town on 11 November 2021, at the age of 85.<ref name="death-bbc">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-59247115|title=FW de Klerk: South Africa's former president dies at 85|work=[[BBC News]]|date=11 November 2021|access-date=11 November 2021|archive-date=11 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111103733/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-59247115|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Lacey|first=Marc|date=11 November 2021|title=F.W. de Klerk, Last President of Apartheid South Africa, Dies at 85|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/11/11/world/africa/fw-de-klerk-dead.html|access-date=11 November 2021|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=11 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111105004/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/11/11/world/africa/fw-de-klerk-dead.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=F.W. de Klerk, South African Nobel Prize winner for opening government, dies at 85|language=en-US|newspaper=The Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/fw-deklerk-death-south-africa/2021/11/11/761faa64-8fd4-11e6-a6a3-d50061aa9fae_story.html|date=11 November 2021|first=Glenn|last=Frankel|access-date=11 November 2021|issn=0190-8286|archive-date=11 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111105308/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/fw-deklerk-death-south-africa/2021/11/11/761faa64-8fd4-11e6-a6a3-d50061aa9fae_story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He was the last surviving State President of South Africa.

After his death, a video message from de Klerk was released from the FW de Klerk Foundation, apologising "without qualification" for the harm caused from apartheid and pleading that the government and all South Africans would embrace the constitution in a balanced manner while also promoting economic growth, guarding the independence and impartiality of the courts, as well as promoting non-racialism and non-discrimination in South Africa.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HlW0UQFW0Gg|title=FW de Klerk's final message|date=12 November 2021|work=[[FW de Klerk Foundation]]|via=YouTube|access-date=13 November 2021|archive-date=13 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211113045945/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HlW0UQFW0Gg&feature=youtu.be|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/watch-fw-de-klerk-apologises-without-qualification-for-apartheid-in-last-message-to-people-of-sa-20211111|title=FW de Klerk apologises 'without qualification' for apartheid in 'last message to people of SA'|last=Gerber|first=Jan|website=[[News24 (website)|News24]]|date=11 November 2021|access-date=12 November 2021|archive-date=11 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111173929/https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/watch-fw-de-klerk-apologises-without-qualification-for-apartheid-in-last-message-to-people-of-sa-20211111|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 16 November 2021, President [[Cyril Ramaphosa]] declared a four-day mourning period for de Klerk and ordered for all of the national South African flags to fly at half-mast from 17 to 21 November "as a mark of respect."<ref name=deklerkmemorial>{{cite news|url=https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/ramaphosa-declares-national-mourning-period-for-fw-de-klerk-20211116|title=Ramaphosa declares national mourning period for FW de Klerk|first=Nichole|last=McCain|publisher=News 24|date=16 November 2021|accessdate=16 November 2021}}</ref> Though the de Klerk family determined that he would have a private cremation and funeral, the South African government agreed to hold a state memorial service for de Klerk "in which government leaders, leaders of political parties and representatives of civil society will participate" at a later date.<ref name=deklerkmemorial /> The state memorial service was held in Cape Town on 12 December 2021, and saw Ramaphosa deliver the keynote speech.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-12-12-ramaphosa-stresses-need-for-forgiveness-and-unity-at-state-memorial-service-for-fw-de-klerk/|title=Ramaphosa stresses need for forgiveness and unity at state memorial service for FW de Klerk|first=Steve|last=Kretzmann|work=Daily Maverick|date=12 December 2021|accessdate=20 July 2022}}</ref>