Editing Estuary English (section)

====Other vowel differences====

* {{IPA|/iː/}} (as in {{sc2|FLEECE}}) can be realised as {{IPAblink|iː}}, {{IPA|[ɪi]}} or {{IPA|[əi]}},<ref name="przed43"/> with the first two variants predominating.<ref name="przed42">{{Harvcoltxt|Przedlacka|2001|p=42}}</ref> Before the dark l, it is sometimes a center diphthong {{IPA|[iə]}}.<ref name="przed43"/>
* {{IPA|/uː/}} (as in {{sc2|GOOSE}}) can be realised in many different ways, such as monophthongs {{IPAblink|ʏː}}, {{IPAblink|ɪ|ɪ̝ː}}, {{IPAblink|ʉː}}, {{IPAblink|ɨː}}, {{IPA|[ʉ̠ː]}}, {{IPAblink|u|u̟ː}}<ref name="przed43"/> and diphthongs {{IPA|[ɘɵ]}}, {{IPA|[ɘʏ]}}, {{IPA|[ʏɨ]}} and {{IPA|[ʊu]}}.<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Przedlacka|2001|pp=43–44}}</ref> Front pronunciations ({{IPAblink|ʏː}}, {{IPAblink|ɪ|ɪ̝ː}}, {{IPA|[ɘʏ]}} and {{IPA|[ʏɨ]}}) are more often encountered in female speakers.<ref name="przed43"/> Before dark /l/, it is always back.<ref name="wells94"/>
* /ʊ/ (as in {{sc2|FOOT}}) can be realised as [<nowiki/>[[Close central rounded vowel|ʉ]]], [<nowiki/>[[Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ]]],    [<nowiki/>[[Near-close near-front rounded vowel|ʏ]]] or [<nowiki/>[[Near-close near-back rounded vowel|ʊ]]], as in RP. Only the last variant appears before a dark l. <ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Lodge|2009|p=174}}</ref><ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Altendorf|Watt|2004|pp=188 and 191–192}}</ref>
* {{IPA|/ɔː/}} (as in {{sc2|THOUGHT}}), according to {{Harvcoltxt|Przedlacka|2001}}, can be pronounced in two different ways: diphthongal {{IPA|[oʊ]}} in closed syllables and {{IPA|[ɔə]}} or {{IPA|[ɔ̝ə]}} in open syllables<ref name="przed43"/> and monophthongal {{IPAblink|ɔː}}.<ref name="przed43"/> According to {{Harvcoltxt|Parsons|1998}}, it is either {{IPA|[ɔʊ]}} or {{IPAblink|oː}} before consonants, and either {{IPA|[ɔə]}} or {{IPA|[ɔː]}} at a morpheme boundary.<ref name="parsons39"/>
* {{IPA|/ʌ/}} (as in {{sc2|STRUT}}) can be realised as {{IPAblink|ɒ}}, {{IPAblink|ʌ}}, {{IPAblink|ɐ}}, {{IPA|[ɐ̟]}} or {{IPAblink|æ}},<ref name="przed43"/> with {{IPAblink|ɐ}} being predominant.<ref name="przed43"/> The first two variants occur mostly before {{IPA|/ŋ/}}.<ref name="przed43"/> The last two variants are more often used by females.<ref name="przed43"/>
* {{IPA|/æ/}} (as in {{sc2|TRAP}}) can be realised as {{IPAblink|a}}, {{IPA|[a̝]}}, {{IPAblink|æ}}, {{IPA|[ɛ̞]}} or {{IPAblink|ɛ}}.<ref name="przed43"/><ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Altendorf|Watt|2004|p=188}}. They list {{IPAblink|a}}, {{IPA|[a̝]}} and {{IPAblink|æ}}.</ref>