Editing Erasmus (section)

====Italy====
{{Side box |metadata=No
 | above = '''Italian circle''' 
 | text = {{hlist|class=inline|[[Aldus Manutius]]|[[Giulio Camillo]]|[[Aleander]]|[[Alexander Stewart (archbishop of St Andrews)|Alexander Stewart]]|[[Pietro Bembo]]|[[Paulus Bombasius|Bombasius]]|[[Marcus Musurus]]|[[Janus Lascaris]]|[[Giles of Viterbo]]|[[Egnazio]]|[[Germain de Brie]]|[[Ferry Carondelet]]|Urbano Valeriani|[[Tommaso Inghirami]]|Scipio Carteromachus|[[Domenico Grimani]]}}<br />
''Opponents'': {{hlist|class=inline|[[Alberto III Pio, Prince of Carpi|Alberto Pío]]|[[Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda|Sepúlveda]]}}<br />
''Patrons'': Popes [[Leo X]], [[Adrian VI]], [[Clement VII]], [[Paul III]],  King [[James IV]]
}}

In 1506 he was able to accompany and tutor the sons of the [[Physician to the King|personal physician]] of the English King through Italy to Bologna.<ref name=":5" />

His discovery en route at [[Park Abbey]] of [[Lorenzo Valla]]'s ''New Testament Notes'' was a major event in his career and prompted Erasmus to study the New Testament using [[philology]].<ref>{{cite journal
 | last=Anderson
 | first=Marvin
 | title=Erasmus the Exegete
 | journal=Concordia Theeological Monthly
 | volume=40
 | issue=11
 | year=1969
 | pages=722–46
}}</ref>

In 1506 they passed through Turin and he arranged to be awarded the degree of [[Doctor of Divinity|Doctor of Sacred Theology]] ({{lang|la|Sacra Theologia}})<ref name=van>{{cite book |last1=van Herwaarden |first1=Jan |title=Between Saint James and Erasmus: Studies in Late-Medieval Religious Life – Devotion and Pilgrimage in the Netherlands |date=1 January 2003 |doi=10.1163/9789004473676_024|s2cid=239956783 }}</ref>{{rp|638}} from the [[University of Turin]]<ref name=":5" /> {{lang|la|[[per saltum]]}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Grendler |first1=Paul F. |chapter=How to Get a Degree in Fifteen Days: Erasmus' Doctorate of Theology from the University of Turin |title=Renaissance Education Between Religion and Politics |date=23 August 2024 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-003-55390-8 |edition=1st |doi=10.4324/9781003553908  |language=en}}</ref> at age 37 (or 40). Erasmus stayed tutoring in Bologna for a year;{{refn|group=note|He made friends with aristocrat Mark Laurin, future Dean of Bruges.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Chapter Xxiii: Ii. Students |journal=Humanistica Lovaniensia |date=1955 |volume=13 |pages=116–218 |jstor=23973448 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23973448 |issn=0774-2908}}</ref>{{rp|185}} }} in the winter, Erasmus was present when [[Pope Julius II]] entered victorious into the conquered Bologna which he had besieged before.<ref name=":5" />

[[File: Book printed by Aldus Manutius-Horace.jpg|thumb|Book printed and illuminated at the [[Aldine Press]], Venice (1501): [[Horace]], ''Works'']]
Erasmus travelled on to Venice, working on an expanded version of his Adagia at the [[Aldine Press]] of the famous printer [[Aldus Manutius]], advised him which manuscripts to publish,<ref>Murray, Stuart (2009). ''The library: an illustrated history''. Chicago: ALA Editions</ref>  and was an honorary member of the graecophone Aldine "New Academy" ({{langx|el|Neakadêmia (Νεακαδημία)}}).<ref>Treu, Erwin (1959), pp.8–9.</ref> From Aldus he learned the in-person workflow that made him productive at Froben: making last-minute changes, and immediately checking and correcting printed page proofs as soon as the ink had dried. Aldus wrote that Erasmus could do twice as much work in a given time as any other man he had ever met.<ref name=gasquet/>

In 1507, according to his letters, he studied advanced Greek in Padua with the Venetian natural philosopher, [[Giulio Camillo]].<ref>H.M. Allen (1937). ''Opus Epistolarum Des. Erasmi Roterdami''. Oxford University Press. Ep. 3032: 219–22; 2682: 8–13.</ref> He found employment tutoring and escorting Scottish nobleman [[Alexander Stewart (archbishop of St Andrews)|Alexander Stewart]], the 24-year old Archbishop of St Andrews, through Padua, Florence, and Siena,{{refn|group=note|He movingly remembers later how Alexander would play the monochord, recorder or lute in the afternoon after studies.<ref>Shire, Helena M., Stewart Style ''1513–1542'', Tuckwell, (1996), 126–27, quoting Phillips, M. M., ''The Adages of Erasmus'' Cambridge (1964), 305–307.</ref>}} Erasmus made it to Rome in 1509, visiting some notable libraries and cardinals, but having a less active association with Italian scholars than might have been expected.

In 1509, William Warham, Archbishop of Canterbury, and Lord Mountjoy lured him back to England, now ruled by what was hoped would be a wise and benevolent king ([[Henry VIII]]) educated by humanists. Warham and Mountjoy sent Erasmus £10 to cover his expenses on the journey.<ref>Massing, ''Fatal Discord'' (2018), p. 159</ref> On his trip over the Alps via Splügen Pass, and down the Rhine toward England, Erasmus began to compose ''The Praise of Folly''.<ref>Massing, ''Fatal Discord'' (2018), p. 160</ref>