Editing Economy of Estonia (section)

==Sectors==
[[Tallinn]] has emerged as the country's financial center. According to Invest in Estonia, advantages of Estonian financial sector are unbureaucratic cooperation between companies and authorities, and relative abundance of educated people although young educated Estonians tend to emigrate to western Europe for greater income. The largest banks are [[Swedbank]], [[SEB Pank]], and [[Nordea]]. Several IPOs have been made recently on the [[Tallinn Stock Exchange]], a member [[OMX]] system.

The Estonian service sector employs over 60% of workforce. Estonia has a strong information technology (IT) sector, partly due to the [[Tiigrihüpe]] project undertaken in mid-1990s, and has been mentioned as the most "wired" and advanced country in Europe in the terms of [[E-government#Estonia|e-government]].<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Hackers Take Down the Most Wired Country in Europe |magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] |date=21 August 2007 |url= https://www.wired.com/politics/security/magazine/15-09/ff_estonia |access-date=21 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Government of Estonia homepage |url=http://www.valitsus.ee/ |publisher=[[Government of Estonia]]}}</ref>
<!-- A request to write more about the service sector -->

Farming, which had been forcibly [[collectivization|collectivized]] for decades until the transition era of 1990–1992, has become privatized and more efficient, and the total farming area has increased in the period following Estonia's restoration of independence.<ref>{{cite web |last=Laansalu |first=Ants |title=Crisis in agriculture in the 1990s |work=The rural economy in Estonia until 2001 |publisher=[[Estonica]] |date=9 October 2009 |url= http://www.estonica.org/eng/lugu.html?menyy_id=914&kateg=40&alam=94&leht=3 |access-date=11 August 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070610040459/http://www.estonica.org/eng/lugu.html?menyy_id=914&kateg=40&alam=94&leht=3 |archive-date=10 June 2007 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> The share of agriculture in the gross domestic product decreased from 15% to 3.3% during 1991–2000, while employment in agriculture decreased from 15% to 5.2%.<ref>{{cite press release
 |title        = The biggest share of the gross domestic product of Estonia is continuously created in Harju county
 |publisher    = [[Statistics Estonia]]
 |date         = 26 September 2007
 |url          = http://www.stat.ee/18533
 |access-date  = 11 August 2011
 |archive-date = 8 August 2014
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20140808045815/http://www.stat.ee/18533
 |url-status   = dead
}}</ref>

The [[mining industry]] makes up 1% of the GDP. Mined commodities include oil shale, [[peat]], and industrial minerals, such as [[clay]]s, [[limestone]], [[sand]] and [[gravel]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Kuo |first=Chin S. |title=The Mineral Industries of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania |work=U.S. Geological Survey Minerals Yearbook |publisher=U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Resources Program |year=2001 |url= http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/country/2001/enlglhmyb01.pdf |access-date=10 August 2011}}</ref> Soviets created badly polluting industry in the early 1950s, concentrated in the north-east of the country. Socialist economy and military areas left the country highly polluted, and mainly because of [[oil shale industry]] in [[Ida-Virumaa]], [[sulfur dioxide]] emissions per person are almost as high as in the Czech Republic. The coastal seawater is polluted in certain locations, mainly the east. The government is looking for ways to reduce pollution further.<ref>{{cite web |author=Estonian Environment Information Centre |title=Pollution load |work=State of Environment in Estonia on Threshold of XXI Century |publisher=[[UNEP/GRID-Arendal]] – Central & Eastern Europe, Caucasus, and Central Asia |year=2001 |url=http://enrin.grida.no/htmls/estonia/env2001/content/soe/air_2-2.htm |access-date=10 August 2011 |archive-date=8 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120208000057/http://enrin.grida.no/htmls/estonia/env2001/content/soe/air_2-2.htm |url-status=dead }}<br />Main resource: ''[http://enrin.grida.no/htmls/estonia/env2001/content/soe State of Environment in Estonia on Threshold of XXI Century] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161008145430/http://enrin.grida.no/htmls/estonia/env2001/content/soe |date=8 October 2016 }}''</ref> In 2000, the emissions were 80% smaller than in 1980, and the amount of unpurified wastewater discharged to water bodies was 95% smaller than in 1980.<ref>{{cite web |title=Environment – current issues (section) |work=Estonia – The World Factbook |agency=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |publisher=[[University of Missouri–St. Louis]] |date=17 May 2005 |url=http://www.umsl.edu/services/govdocs/wofact2005/geos/en.html |access-date=10 August 2011 |archive-date=24 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130824013731/http://www.umsl.edu/services/govdocs/wofact2005/geos/en.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Estonian productivity is experiencing rapid growth, and consequently wages are also rising quickly, with a rise in private consumption of about 8% in 2005. According to Estonian Institute of Economic Research, the largest contributors to GDP growth in 2005 were processing industry, financial intermediation, retailing and wholesale trade, transport and communications.<ref name="companies2006">{{cite web |author=Estonian Institute of Economic Research |title=Top Estonian Enterprises 2006 |publisher=Enterprise Estonia |date=November 2006 |url= http://www.eas.ee/vfs/3282/Edetabel_ENG_2006_trykk_Bh.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070609233211/http://www.eas.ee/vfs/3282/Edetabel_ENG_2006_trykk_Bh.pdf |archive-date=9 June 2007}}</ref>

===Agriculture===
Estonia produced in 2018:

* 450 thousand tons of [[wheat]];
* 347 thousand tons of [[barley]];
* 113 thousand tons of [[rapeseed]];
* 88 thousand tons of [[potato]];
* 78 thousand tons of [[oat]];
* 53 thousand tons of [[pea]];
* 29 thousand tons of [[rye]];

In addition to smaller productions of other agricultural products.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC/| title = Estonia production in 2018, by FAO}}</ref>

{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}

===Largest companies by revenue===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Company
! Revenue<br />(EUR millions)<ref name="Top100">{{cite news |last=Oja |first=Tõnis |title=POSTIMEHE ETTEVÕTETE TOP 100. Ülikiire inflatsioon andis ettevõtetele tiivad|language=et |publisher=Postimees|url=https://majandus.postimees.ee/7894519/postimehe-ettevotete-top-100-ulikiire-inflatsioon-andis-suurettevotetele-tiivad|access-date=30 October 2023}}</ref>
|-
|align=left|[[Eesti Energia]]
|2218.2
|-
|align=left|[[Bolt (company)|Bolt Technology]]
|1263.8
|-
|align=left|[[Eesti Gaas]]
|1012.6
|-
|align=left|[[PKN Orlen|Orlen Eesti]]
|958.0
|-
|align=left|[[Tallinna Kaubamaja Group|Tallinna Kaubamaja]]
|862.8
|-
|align=left|[[Tallink|Tallink Grupp]]
|771.4
|-
|align=left|[[Tavid]]
|738.8
|-
|align=left|[[Olerex]]
|637.7
|-
|align=left|[[Alexela]]
|620.4
|-
|align=left|[[Graanul Invest]]
|589.9
|}
{{col-2}}

===Largest companies by profit===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Company
! Profit<br />(EUR millions)<ref name="Top100" />
|-
|align=left|[[Eesti Energia]]
|215.7
|-
|align=left|[[Swedbank]]
|206.7
|-
|align=left|[[State Forest Management Centre]]
|138.4
|-
|align=left|[[Luminor Bank|Luminor Pank]]
|124.7
|-
|align=left|[[SEB Pank]]
|115.9
|-
|align=left|[[Graanul Invest]]
|111.6
|-
|align=left|[[Eesti Gaas]]
|95.2
|-
|align=left|[[Baltic Maritime Logistics Group]]
|73.3
|-
|align=left|[[LHV Pank|LHV Group]]
|61.4
|-
|align=left|[[Telia Eesti]]
|54.0
|}
{{col-end}}

In 2022, the sector with the highest number of companies registered in Estonia is Services with 144,514 companies followed by Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate and Retail Trade with 47,001 and 26,635 companies respectively.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.hithorizons.com/eu/analyses/country-statistics/estonia | title=Industry Breakdown of Companies in Estonia | website=HitHorizons}}</ref>