Editing Earl (section)

== Ireland ==
{{Further|Peerage of Ireland}}
{{unreferenced section|date=June 2023}}
The first Irish earldom was the [[Earl of Ulster]], granted to the Norman knight [[Hugh de Lacy, 1st Earl of Ulster|Hugh de Lacy]] in 1205 by [[John I of England|John]], King of England and [[Lord of Ireland]]. Other early earldoms were [[Earl of Carrick (Ireland)|Earl of Carrick]] (1315), [[Duke of Leinster|Earl of Kildare]] (1316), [[Earl of Desmond#Earls of Desmond.2C first creation .281329.29|Earl of Desmond]] (1329) and [[Earl of Shrewsbury|Earl of Waterford]] (1446, extant).

After the [[Tudor conquest of Ireland|Tudor reconquest of Ireland]] (1530s–1603), native [[List of Irish kingdoms|Irish kings]] and clan chiefs were encouraged to submit to the English king (now also [[King of Ireland]]) and were, in return, granted noble titles in the [[Peerage of Ireland]]. Notable among those who agreed to this policy of "[[surrender and regrant]]" were [[Ulick na gCeann Burke, 1st Earl of Clanricarde]], [[Murrough O'Brien, 1st Earl of Thomond]], [[Donald McCarthy, 1st Earl of Clancare]], [[Rory O'Donnell, 1st Earl of Tyrconnell]], [[Randal MacDonnell, 1st Earl of Antrim]] and [[Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone]]. The earls of Tyrone and Tyrconnell later rebelled against the crown and were forced to flee Ireland in 1607; their departure, along with about ninety followers, is famed in Irish history as the [[Flight of the Earls]], seen as the ultimate demise of native Irish monarchy.

Ireland became part of the United Kingdom in 1801, and the last Irish earldom was created in 1824. The [[Republic of Ireland]] does not recognize titles of nobility.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Irish titles of nobility - Gaelic, Peerage, Squires, Squireens and Squiress |url=https://victorian-era.org/irish-titles-of-nobility.html |access-date=2025-03-05 |website=Victorian Era |language=en}}</ref>

Notable later Irish earls include Jacobite leader [[Patrick Sarsfield, 1st Earl of Lucan]]; Postmaster General [[Richard Trench, 2nd Earl of Clancarty]]; Prime Minister [[William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne]] (later made a [[marquess]]); and the (alleged) murderer [[John Bingham, 7th Earl of Lucan]].