Editing ELISA (section)

==Enzyme-Linked Single Molecule Array (eSimoa)==
eSimoa (enzyme-linked single molecule array) represents a significant evolution of the traditional ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) technique, which is widely utilized in clinical diagnostics and research. By significantly enhancing the sensitivity and resolution of biomolecular detection, eSimoa expands the capabilities of ELISA, enabling the detection of biomolecules at concentrations previously unachievable with standard assays.<ref name="Ultrasensitive Detection of Enzymat">{{cite journal |last1=Wang |first1=Xu |last2=Ogata |first2=Alana F. |last3=Walt |first3=David R. |title=Ultrasensitive Detection of Enzymatic Activity Using Single Molecule Arrays |journal=Journal of the American Chemical Society |date=2 September 2020 |volume=142 |issue=35 |pages=15098–15106 |doi=10.1021/jacs.0c06599 |pmid=32797755 |pmc=7472518 |bibcode=2020JAChS.14215098W }}</ref>

===Technology===
Building on the foundational principles of ELISA, eSimoa employs paramagnetic beads to isolate biomolecules or enzymes in a manner akin to ELISA’s plate-based detection. However, eSimoa advances this concept by enabling enzymatic reaction measurements at the single-molecule level, which dramatically improves detection limits for various enzymes and biomolecules. This method allows for the precise quantification of low-abundance proteins and the activity of critical enzymes such as protein kinases and telomerases, which are often below the detection threshold of conventional ELISA.

===Applications===
The enhanced sensitivity of eSimoa is crucial for early and accurate biomarker detection in clinical diagnostics, facilitating better disease monitoring and management. In drug discovery, the ability to track subtle changes in enzymatic activity aids in the development of more effective pharmaceuticals by providing detailed insights into enzyme inhibition mechanisms.

===Origins and Controversy===
Chi-An Cheng at National Taiwan University (NTU) has claimed that her team developed this innovative technology.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Cheng |first1=CA |title=eSimoa – ultrasensitive and high-resolution protein spatially decoding framework for tumor extracellular vesicles {{!}} Exosome RNA |url=https://exosome-rna.com/esimoa-ultrasensitive-and-high-resolution-protein-spatially-decoding-framework-for-tumor-extracellular-vesicles/ |website=Exosome RNA |date=28 November 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Cheng |first1=Chi-An |title=Voices in Molecular Pharmaceutics: Meet Professor Chi-An Cheng, Who Is Innovating Diagnostic Tools, Discovering Biomarkers, Developing New Assays, and Creating New Materials |journal=Molecular Pharmaceutics |language=en |doi=10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00623 |date=13 June 2024|volume=21 |issue=7 |pages=3082–3083 |pmid=38869420 |doi-access=free }}</ref> However, this claim is contested by the existence of prior publications by David R. Walt's team at Harvard University, who published their work on eSimoa in 2020.<ref name="Ultrasensitive Detection of Enzymat"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Detection of Other Biomolecules – Walt Lab |url=https://waltlab.bwh.harvard.edu/research/new-technology/ultrasensitive-detection-of-small-molecules/|website=Brigham and Women’s Hospital|access-date=10 April 2025}}</ref> This earlier documentation by Walt's team suggests a prior contribution to the development of the technology.