Editing Dynamite (section)

==="Extra" dynamite===
In the United States, in 1885, the chemist Russell S. Penniman invented "ammonium dynamite", a form of explosive that used [[ammonium nitrate]] as a substitute for the more costly nitroglycerin. Ammonium nitrate has only 85% of the [[chemical energy]] of nitroglycerin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=FHWA - Center for Local Aid Support - Publications |url=https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/clas/ctip/context_sensitive_rock_slope_design/ch_3_3.aspx#3_1_3_1 |access-date=2024-03-31 |website=[[Federal Highway Administration|Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)]]}}</ref>

It is rated by either "weight strength" (the amount of ammonium nitrate in the medium) or "cartridge strength" (the [[Strength (explosive)|potential explosive strength]] generated by an amount of explosive of a certain density and grain size used in comparison to the explosive strength generated by an equivalent density and grain size of a standard explosive). For example, high-explosive ''65% Extra dynamite'' has a weight strength of 65% ammonium nitrate and 35% "dope" (the absorbent medium mixed with the stabilizers and additives). Its "cartridge strength" would be its weight in pounds times its strength in relation to an equal amount of [[ANFO]] (the civilian baseline standard) or [[TNT]] (the military baseline standard). For example, 65% ammonium dynamite with a 20% cartridge strength would mean the stick was equal to an equivalent weight strength of 20% ANFO.