Editing Durham, England (section)

===19th century===
[[File:Durham regatta Univ College Durham v's Newcastle Uni.jpg|thumb|[[Durham Cathedral]] and [[Durham Castle]] as seen from the river bank whilst a boat race takes place between [[University College, Durham]] and [[Newcastle University]]|left]]
The [[Municipal Corporations Act 1835]] gave governing power of the town to an elected body.<ref>{{cite book |title=Northern Europe: International Dictionary of Historic Places |date = 28 October 2013|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yfPYAQAAQBAJ&q=William+Van+Mildert++Last+of+the+Prince+Bishops+Palatinate+act+1836&pg=PA240 |publisher=Routledge|page=240 |isbn=978-1884964015 |access-date=5 November 2019}}</ref> All other aspects of the Bishop's temporal powers were abolished by the [[Durham (County Palatine) Act 1836]] and returned to the Crown.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://durhamdiocese.org/our-bishops/the-bishop-of-durham/ |title=The Bishops of Durham |date=11 July 2013 |publisher=Dicese of Durham |access-date=5 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191028143759/https://durhamdiocese.org/our-bishops/the-bishop-of-durham/ |archive-date=28 October 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |date=1836 |title=The Statutes of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland |url=https://archive.org/details/statutesunitedk34britgoog |quote=bishop of durham temporal Powers by Palatine Act 1836. |publisher=His Majesty's Statute and Law Printers|page=[https://archive.org/details/statutesunitedk34britgoog/page/n164 130]}}</ref>

The Representation of the People Act 2000 and is regarded as the second most senior bishop and fourth most senior clergyman in the [[Church of England]].<ref>The Canons of the Church of England</ref> The [[Court of Claims (United Kingdom)|Court of Claims]] of 1953 granted the traditional right of the bishop to accompany the sovereign at the coronation,<ref>The Proceedings of the Court of Claims at the Coronation of Her Majesty Elizabeth II</ref> reflecting his seniority.<ref name="Liddy" />

The first census, conducted in 1801,<ref>The Census</ref> states that Durham City had a population of 7,100. The [[Industrial Revolution]] mostly passed the city by. However, the city was well known for carpet making and weaving. Although most of the mediaeval weavers who thrived in the city had left by the 19th century, the city was the home of Hugh MacKay Carpets’ factory, which produced the famous brands of [[axminster]] and [[Carpet#Tufted|tufted carpets]] until the factory went into administration in April 2005.<ref>The Proceedings of the High Court of Justice 1995</ref> Other important industries were the manufacture of [[mustard (condiment)|mustard]] and coal extraction.<ref name="Simpson">{{Cite book | last=Simpson | first=David | title=Durham City | publisher=Business Education Publishers Ltd | year=2006 | isbn=978-1-901888-50-8 }}</ref>

The Industrial Revolution also placed the city at the heart of the coalfields,<ref>Nixon, P: A Portrait of Durham</ref> the county's main industry until the 1970s. Practically every village around the city had a coal mine and, although these have since disappeared as part of the regional decline in heavy industry, the traditions, heritage and community spirit are still evident.

The 19th century also saw the founding of [[Durham University]]<ref>The Durham University Act, 1882 and the Royal Charter for the Founding of the University of Durham</ref> thanks to the benevolence of Bishop [[William Van Mildert]] and the Chapter in 1832. Durham Castle became the first college<ref name="Simpson" /> ([[University College, Durham]]) and the bishop moved to [[Auckland Castle]] as his only residence in the county. Bishop Hatfield's Hall (later [[Hatfield College, Durham]]) was added in 1846 specifically for the sons of poorer families, the Principal inaugurating a system new to English university life of advance fees to cover accommodation and communal dining.

The first [[Durham Miners' Gala]] was attended by 5,000 miners in 1871 in Wharton Park,<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=Durham: A Thousand Years of History and Legend|last=Dufferwiel|first=Martin|publisher=Mainstream Publishing|year=1996|isbn=1-85158-885-X|location=Edinburgh and London|pages=167–169}}</ref> and remains the largest socialist trade union event in the world.<ref name="Simpson" />