Editing Dream (section)

=== Other ===
[[File:Hupao.jpg|thumb|[[Dreaming of the Tiger Spring]] (虎跑夢泉) Statue at Hupao Spring (Hupaomengquan) in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China]]

In Chinese history, people wrote of two vital aspects of the soul of which one is freed from the body during slumber to journey in a dream realm, while the other remained in the body.<ref name=bulkeley-71/> This belief and dream interpretation had been questioned since early times, such as by the philosopher [[Wang Chong]] ({{CE|27–97}}).<ref name=bulkeley-71>{{cite book |last=Bulkeley |first=Kelly |title=Dreaming in the world's religions: A comparative history |url=https://archive.org/details/dreamingworldsre00bulk |url-access=limited |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-8147-9956-7 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/dreamingworldsre00bulk/page/n83 71]–73|publisher=NYU Press }}</ref>

The Babylonians and Assyrians divided dreams into "good," which were sent by the gods, and "bad," sent by demons.<ref>Oppenheim, L.A. (1966). ''Mantic Dreams in the Ancient Near East'' in G. E. Von Grunebaum & R. Caillois (Eds.), ''The Dream and Human Societies'' (pp. 341–350). London, England: Cambridge University Press.</ref> A surviving collection of dream omens entitled ''[[Iškar Zaqīqu]]'' records various dream scenarios as well as [[Prognosis|prognostications]] of what will happen to the person who experiences each dream, apparently based on previous cases.<ref name="BlackGreen1992"/><ref>Nils P. Heessel : ''Divinatorische Texte I : ... oneiromantische Omina''. Harrassowitz Verlag, 2007.</ref> Some list different possible outcomes, based on occasions in which people experienced similar dreams with different results.<ref name="BlackGreen1992"/> The Greeks shared their beliefs with the Egyptians on how to interpret good and bad dreams, and the idea of incubating dreams. [[Morpheus]], the Greek god of dreams, also sent warnings and prophecies to those who slept at shrines and temples. The earliest Greek beliefs about dreams were that their gods physically visited the dreamers, where they entered through a keyhole, exiting the same way after the divine message was given.

[[Antiphon (orator)|Antiphon]] wrote the first known Greek book on dreams in the 5th century BCE. In that century, other cultures influenced Greeks to develop the belief that souls left the sleeping body.<ref>O'Neil, C.W. (1976). ''Dreams, culture and the individual''. San Francisco: Chandler & Sharp.</ref> The father of modern medicine, [[Hippocrates]] ({{BCE|460–375}}), thought dreams could analyze illness and predict diseases.<ref>''On Regimen'' IV, also published sometimes as ''On Dreams''.</ref> For instance, a dream of a dim star high in the night sky indicated problems in the head region, while low in the night sky indicated bowel issues.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hobson |first=J. A. |year=1988 |title=The Dreaming Brain |publisher=Basic Books}}</ref><ref>Steven M. Oberhelman. 1987. “The Diagnostic Dream in Ancient Medical Theory and Practice.” ''Bulletin of the History of Medicine''. 61 (1): 47-60.</ref> [[Galen]] (129–216 AD) believed the same thing.<ref>Oberhelman, Steven M. 1983. “Galen, ‘On Diagnosis from Dreams’.” ''Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences''. 38 (1): 36-47.</ref> Greek philosopher [[Plato]] (427–347 BCE) wrote that people harbor secret, repressed desires, such as incest, murder, adultery, and conquest, which build up during the day and run rampant during the night in dreams.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=McCurdy |first=H. G. |year=1946 |title=The history of dream theory |journal=Psychological Review |volume=53 |issue=4 |pages=225–233 |doi=10.1037/h0062107|pmid=20998507 }}</ref> Plato's student, [[Aristotle]] (384–322 BCE), believed dreams were caused by processing incomplete [[physiological]] activity during sleep, such as eyes trying to see while the sleeper's eyelids were closed.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rycroft |first=Charles |year=1979 |title=The Innocence of Dreams |publisher=Random House}}</ref> [[Marcus Tullius Cicero]], for his part, believed that all dreams are produced by thoughts and conversations a dreamer had during the preceding days.<ref>Cicero, ''De Republica'', [http://attalus.org/translate/republic6.html#10 6.10]</ref> Cicero's ''[[Somnium Scipionis]]'' described a lengthy dream vision, which in turn was commented on by [[Macrobius]] in his ''Commentarii in Somnium Scipionis''.

[[Herodotus]] in his ''[[Histories (Herodotus)|The Histories]]'', writes "The visions that occur to us in dreams are, more often than not, the things we have been concerned about during the day."<ref>{{cite book |author=Herodotus |title=The Histories |year=1998 |url=https://archive.org/details/histories0000hero |url-access=registration |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=[https://archive.org/details/histories0000hero/page/414 414]}}</ref>

[[The Dreaming]] is a common term within the [[animist]] creation narrative of [[indigenous Australians]] for a personal, or group, [[Creation myth|creation]] and for what may be understood as the "timeless time" of formative creation and perpetual creating.<ref>[http://environment.gov.au/parks/uluru/culture-history/culture/index.html Uluru – Kata Tjuta National Park: Tjukurpa – Anangu culture] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090711104046/http://environment.gov.au/parks/uluru/culture-history/culture/index.html |date=11 July 2009}} environment.gov.au, June 23, 2006</ref>

Some [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Indigenous American]] tribes and [[Mexico|Mexican]] populations believe that dreams are a way of visiting and having contact with their [[ancestor]]s.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Tedlock |first1=B. |year=1981 |title=Quiche Maya dream Interpretation |journal=Ethos |volume=9 |issue=4 |pages=313–350 |doi=10.1525/eth.1981.9.4.02a00050 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Some [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native American]] tribes have used [[vision quest]]s as a rite of passage, fasting and praying until an anticipated guiding dream was received, to be shared with the rest of the tribe upon their return.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dreams.ca/dreams.htm |last=Webb |first=Craig |year=1995 |title=Dreams: Practical Meaning & Applications |publisher=The DREAMS Foundation |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305002601/http://www.dreams.ca/dreams.htm |archive-date=5 March 2016 |access-date=30 March 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://dreamhawk.com/dream-encyclopedia/native-american-dream-beliefs/ |access-date=10 April 2012 |title=Native American Dream Beliefs |publisher=Dream Encyclopedia |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415132211/http://dreamhawk.com/dream-encyclopedia/native-american-dream-beliefs/ |archive-date=15 April 2012}}</ref>