Editing Down syndrome (section)

==== Non-blood cancers ====
People with Down syndrome have a lower risk of all major solid cancers, including those of lung, breast, and cervix, with the lowest relative rates occurring in those aged 50 years or older.<ref name=Nix2018/> This low risk is thought to be due to an increase in the expression of [[tumor suppressor gene]]s present on chromosome 21.<ref>{{cite book|title=Cancer genome and tumor microenvironment |year=2010 |publisher=Springer|location=New York|isbn=978-1-4419-0711-0|page=203|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x3Lb9Mxl4qcC&pg=PA203|edition=Online-Ausg.| veditors = Thomas-Tikhonenko A |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150704142502/https://books.google.com/books?id=x3Lb9Mxl4qcC&pg=PA203|archive-date=2015-07-04}}</ref><ref name=Nix2018>{{cite journal | vauthors = Nixon DW | title = Down Syndrome, Obesity, Alzheimer's Disease, and Cancer: A Brief Review and Hypothesis | journal = Brain Sciences | volume = 8 | issue = 4 | page = 53 | date = March 2018 | pmid = 29587359 | pmc = 5924389 | doi = 10.3390/brainsci8040053 | doi-access = free }}</ref> One exception is testicular [[Germ cell tumor|germ cell cancer]] which occurs at a higher rate in Down syndrome.<ref name=Nix2018/>