Editing Doncaster (section)

==Geography==
[[File:Doncaster St Sepulchre Gate and Printing Office Street.JPG|thumb|St Sepulchre Gate and Printing Office Street]]
[[File:Doncaster Skyline.JPEG|thumb|Doncaster skyline with [[St George's Minster, Doncaster|St George's Minster]] in the foreground]]
===Urban===
{| class="wikitable"
!Place!!Distance!!Direction!!Relation
|-
|[[London]]||{{Convert|146|miles|km}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Distance from City of London to Doncaster |url=https://www.distancecalculator.net/from-city-of-london-to-doncaster |access-date=29 January 2023 |website=Distance Calculator |archive-date=29 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129221455/https://www.distancecalculator.net/from-city-of-london-to-doncaster |url-status=live}}</ref>||South||Capital city of the United Kingdom
|-
|[[Kingston upon Hull|Hull]]||{{Convert|36|miles|km}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Distance from Doncaster to Hull |url=https://www.distancecalculator.net/from-Hull-to-Doncaster |access-date=29 January 2023 |website=Distance Calculator |archive-date=29 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129221457/https://www.distancecalculator.net/from-Hull-to-Doncaster |url-status=live}}</ref>||East||Nearby city
|-
|[[Lincoln, England|Lincoln]]||{{Convert|32|miles|km}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Distance from Doncaster to Lincoln |url=https://www.distancecalculator.net/from-Doncaster-to-Lincoln-2 |access-date=29 January 2023 |website=Distance Calculator |archive-date=29 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129221455/https://www.distancecalculator.net/from-Doncaster-to-Lincoln-2 |url-status=live}}</ref>||South east||Nearby city
|-
|[[York]]||{{Convert|30|miles|km}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Distance from York to Doncaster |url=https://www.distancecalculator.net/from-Doncaster-to-york |access-date=29 January 2023 |website=Distance Calculator |archive-date=29 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129221456/https://www.distancecalculator.net/from-Doncaster-to-york |url-status=live}}</ref>||North||Nearby city; historic [[county town]] of Yorkshire
|-
|[[Wakefield]]||{{Convert|19|miles|km}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Distance from Doncaster to Wakefield |url=https://www.distancecalculator.net/from-doncaster-to-wakefield |access-date=29 January 2023 |website=Distance Calculator |archive-date=29 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129221500/https://www.distancecalculator.net/from-doncaster-to-wakefield |url-status=live}}</ref>||North west||Nearby city
|-
|[[Sheffield]]||{{Convert|17|miles|km}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Distance from Doncaster to Sheffield |url=https://www.distancecalculator.net/from-doncaster-to-sheffield |access-date=29 January 2023 |website=Distance Calculator |archive-date=29 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129221458/https://www.distancecalculator.net/from-doncaster-to-sheffield |url-status=live}}</ref>||South west||Largest city in county; within combined authority area
|-
|[[Barnsley]]||{{Convert|15|miles|km}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Distance from Doncaster to Barnsley |url=https://www.distancecalculator.net/from-doncaster-to-barnsley |access-date=29 January 2023 |website=Distance Calculator |archive-date=29 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129221456/https://www.distancecalculator.net/from-doncaster-to-barnsley |url-status=live}}</ref>||West||Within combined authority area
|-
|[[Rotherham]]||{{Convert|11|miles|km}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Distance from Doncaster to Rotherham |url=https://www.distancecalculator.net/from-doncaster-to-rotherham |access-date=29 January 2023 |website=Distance Calculator |archive-date=29 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129221456/https://www.distancecalculator.net/from-doncaster-to-rotherham |url-status=live}}</ref>||South west||Within combined authority area
|}
Doncaster is the second largest settlement in South Yorkshire and the largest metropolitan district in England by [[List of English districts by area|area]]. It expanded dramatically in population with the development of coal mining. Closure of coal mines in the 1970s and early 1980s caused economic difficulties; the town then developed its [[service industry]], drawing on the good communication links with the rest of the UK.

The Doncaster skyline is overlooked by the minster in the middle of the city. The [[Frenchgate Shopping Centre]] is in a similar position in the skyline, along with the Doncaster College Hub building.

After the old Doncaster College and surrounding buildings were demolished, the new [[Doncaster Civic Office]] designed by Cartwright Pickard was built for the [[City of Doncaster Council]] at a cost of £20{{nbsp}}million and completed in 2012.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ajbuildingslibrary.co.uk/projects/display/id/6892 |title=Doncaster Civic Office |publisher=AJ Buildings Library |access-date=9 February 2021 |archive-date=9 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209152535/https://www.ajbuildingslibrary.co.uk/projects/display/id/6892 |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Topography===
Doncaster lies in a [[upland and lowland|lowland]] valley in southern Yorkshire. To the west are low rolling hills eventually reaching the [[Pennines]]. To the east are the low-lying [[Isle of Axholme]] and [[Humberhead Levels]]. The south is relatively low-lying, with a large forested area including [[Sherwood Forest]] in [[Nottinghamshire]]. The [[Vale of York]] lies to the north. The floodplains of the River Don lie to Doncaster's north-east; this area is regularly flooded, notably in 2007 and 2019.

===Conservation===
====Nature reserves====
[[Thorne and Hatfield Moors]], east of Doncaster, is the largest area of low-lying peat bog in the United Kingdom. It is protected as a national nature reserve.

[[Potteric Carr]], including [[Potteric Carr Nature Reserve]], lies to the south.

====Green belt====
{{further|South and West Yorkshire Green Belt}}
Doncaster is within a [[Green belt (United Kingdom)|green belt]] that extends into the surrounding counties. First defined in 1966,<ref name="belt1" /> the policy is controlled throughout the town by the [[local planning authority]], City of Doncaster Council. It reduces [[urban sprawl]], prevent areas in the conurbation from further convergence, protects outlying communities, encourages [[brownfield]] reuse, and protects nearby countryside by restricting development in the designated areas and imposing stricter conditions on permitted building.<ref name="belt1">{{cite web |last1=Council |first1=Doncaster |title=Green Belt review – Doncaster Council |url=http://www.doncaster.gov.uk/services/planning/green-belt-review |publisher=Government of the United Kingdom |access-date=4 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180322143508/http://www.doncaster.gov.uk/services/planning/green-belt-review |archive-date=22 March 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

It surrounds the side of the urban area west of the East Coast Line, preventing suburbs such as [[Sprotbrough]], [[New Edlington]], [[Old Edlington]], [[Scawsby]] and [[Rossington|New Rossington]] merging. As a result, open rural land can be very close to the town centre at some points (for example the wide undeveloped valley of the River Don is adjacent to the town centre), while at other points the urban sprawl rolls on for up to five miles. Another aim of the green belt is to encourage recreation and leisure interests,<ref name="belt1" /> with rural landscape features, greenfield areas and facilities including the River Don and valley west of Hexthorpe; Hexthorpe Park; [[Cusworth Hall]], museum and country park; Potteric Carr and Huxter Well Marsh; and the [[Trans Pennine Trail]].

===Climate===
Doncaster has a [[maritime climate]] lacking extreme temperatures, like much of the British Isles. Its low elevation in the Don Valley, in the lee of the Pennines, and inland from the North Sea, mean daytime summer temperatures are no lower than parts of South East England, despite the more northerly location. The nearest weather station is RAF Finningley, now known as [[Doncaster Sheffield Airport]], about {{cvt|5.5|mi|km}} to the south-east of Doncaster city centre and at a similar elevation.

The Doncaster area is about as far north as the {{cvt|22|C|F}} average July maximum temperature isotherm reaches. The nearby town of Bawtry, slightly further south, still holds the UK's September monthly record high temperature of {{cvt|35.6|C|F}},<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.torro.org.uk/site/maxtemps.php |title=Bawtry Maximum |access-date=27 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110117053706/http://www.torro.org.uk/site/maxtemps.php |archive-date=17 January 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref> set in 1906. Typically, the warmest day of the year reaches {{cvt|29.1|C|F}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/calcdetail.php?seasonid=5&periodid=1971-2000&indexid=TXx&stationid=2119 |title=Annual average maximum |access-date=27 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331161720/http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/calcdetail.php?seasonid=5&periodid=1971-2000&indexid=TXx&stationid=2119 |archive-date=31 March 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> and 12 or 13 days report a daytime maximum of {{cvt|25.1|C|F}} or above.

The lowest known temperature is {{cvt|-13.5|C|F}},<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/monitordetail.php?seasonid=18&year=1981&indexid=TNn&stationid=2119 |title=1981 Minimum |access-date=27 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331161727/http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/monitordetail.php?seasonid=18&year=1981&indexid=TNn&stationid=2119 |archive-date=31 March 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> set during December 1981. Online records only go back to 1960, and lower temperatures may have been recorded earlier. During the 1971–2000 period, an average of 51.9 nights of the year recorded an air frost.

Typically 106.9 days<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/calcdetail.php?seasonid=0&periodid=1971-2000&indexid=RR1&stationid=2119 |title=1971–2000 Wetdays |access-date=27 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331161734/http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/calcdetail.php?seasonid=0&periodid=1971-2000&indexid=RR1&stationid=2119 |archive-date=31 March 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> of the year report 1 mm or more of rainfall. Total annual precipitation is slightly below {{cvt|560|mm|0}},<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/calcdetail.php?seasonid=0&periodid=1971-2000&indexid=RR&stationid=2119 |title=1971-00 Rainfall |access-date=27 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331161752/http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/calcdetail.php?seasonid=0&periodid=1971-2000&indexid=RR&stationid=2119 |archive-date=31 March 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> which is comparable to the driest parts of the UK, due to Doncaster's location in the [[rain shadow]] of the Pennines.
{{Weather box|location = Doncaster ([[Doncaster Sheffield Airport|DSA]]){{efn|Weather station is located {{convert|6|mi|0|abbr=out}} from the Doncaster town centre.}}, elevation: {{cvt|12|m|ft|0}}, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1960–2000
| width = auto
| collapsed =
| metric first = y
| single line = y
| Jan record high C = 14.5
| Feb record high C = 17.9
| Mar record high C = 23.6
| Apr record high C = 22.7
| May record high C = 28.4
| Jun record high C = 32.1
| Jul record high C = 32.2
| Aug record high C = 35.5
| Sep record high C = 27.3
| Oct record high C = 27.7
| Nov record high C = 18.5
| Dec record high C = 15.5
| Jan high C = 7.6
| Feb high C = 8.4
| Mar high C = 10.9
| Apr high C = 13.7
| May high C = 16.9
| Jun high C = 19.8
| Jul high C = 22.3
| Aug high C = 21.9
| Sep high C = 18.9
| Oct high C = 14.6
| Nov high C = 10.4
| Dec high C = 7.8
| year high C = 
| Jan mean C = 4.5
| Feb mean C = 5.0
| Mar mean C = 6.9
| Apr mean C = 9.2
| May mean C = 12.0
| Jun mean C = 15.0
| Jul mean C = 17.2
| Aug mean C = 16.9
| Sep mean C = 14.4
| Oct mean C = 11.0
| Nov mean C = 7.2
| Dec mean C = 4.7
| year mean C = 
| Jan low C = 1.4
| Feb low C = 1.5
| Mar low C = 2.8
| Apr low C = 4.6
| May low C = 7.1
| Jun low C = 10.2
| Jul low C = 12.1
| Aug low C = 11.8
| Sep low C = 9.9
| Oct low C = 7.3
| Nov low C = 3.9
| Dec low C = 1.6
| year low C = 
| Jan record low C = -13.3
| Feb record low C = -10.3
| Mar record low C = -9.3
| Apr record low C = -5.4
| May record low C = -3.5
| Jun record low C = -0.6
| Jul record low C = 3.2
| Aug record low C = 3.7
| Sep record low C = -1.1
| Oct record low C = -3.6
| Nov record low C = -7.5
| Dec record low C = -13.5
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 42.3
| Feb precipitation mm = 35.5
| Mar precipitation mm = 32.0
| Apr precipitation mm = 42.5
| May precipitation mm = 40.9
| Jun precipitation mm = 64.6
| Jul precipitation mm = 55.6
| Aug precipitation mm = 54.3
| Sep precipitation mm = 51.8
| Oct precipitation mm = 56.7
| Nov precipitation mm = 56.5
| Dec precipitation mm = 49.6
| year precipitation mm = 
| unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 10.0
| Feb precipitation days = 8.9
| Mar precipitation days = 8.4
| Apr precipitation days = 8.4
| May precipitation days = 8.6
| Jun precipitation days = 9.8
| Jul precipitation days = 9.8
| Aug precipitation days = 9.4
| Sep precipitation days = 8.6
| Oct precipitation days = 10.1
| Nov precipitation days = 11.3
| Dec precipitation days = 10.4
| year precipitation days = 
| Jan sun = 59.8
| Feb sun = 80.9
| Mar sun = 117.6
| Apr sun = 158.5
| May sun = 195.6
| Jun sun = 176.8
| Jul sun = 192.5
| Aug sun = 178.8
| Sep sun = 137.7
| Oct sun = 99.9
| Nov sun = 64.6
| Dec sun = 53.9
| year sun = 
| source 1 = [[Met Office]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/public/weather/climate/gcx0qr7rt |title=Doncaster 1991–2020 averages |access-date=4 January 2022 |publisher=Met Office |archive-date=11 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411111843/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/public/weather/climate/gcx0qr7rt |url-status=live}}</ref>
| source 2 = [[Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute|KNMI]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eca.knmi.nl/indicesextremes/customquerytimeseriesplots.php?optionSelected=station&processtext1=Your+query+is+being+processed.+Please+wait...&countryselect=All+countries%7C**&stationselect=FINNINGLEY%5Bgb%5D%7C2119&categoryselect=All+categories%7C**&indexselect=All+indices%7C**&seasonselect=ANNUAL%7C0&processtext2=Your+query+is+being+processed.+Please+wait... |title=Doncaster extreme values |access-date=5 November 2017 |publisher=[[KNMI (institute)|KNMI]]}}{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</ref>
}}