Editing Demographics of Mongolia (section)

== Ethnicity and languages ==
The demonym for the people of Mongolia is ''Mongolian''. The name ''Mongol'' usually accounts for people of the [[Mongols|Mongol ethnic group]], thus excluding Turkic groups such as [[Kazakhs]] and [[Tuvans]].

Ethnic [[Mongols]] account for about 96% of the population and consist of [[Khalka Mongols|Khalkh]] and other subgroups, all distinguished primarily by dialects of the [[Mongolian language]]. The Khalkhs make up 86% of the ethnic Mongol population. The remaining 14% include [[Oirats]], [[Buryats]] and others. Ethnic distinctions among the Mongol subgroups are relatively minor. Language or tribal differences are not a political or social issue.{{citation needed|date=August 2023}}

[[Turkic languages|Turkic]] speaking [[Kazakhs]] form the largest ethnic minority and constitute c. 3.9% of Mongolia's population. [[Khotons]] and [[Chantuu]] are Mongolized people with Turkic origin and speak Mongolian.

In around 1860, part of the [[Middle jüz]] Kazakhs who sought refuge from the [[Qing Empire]] massacres in [[Xinjiang]] came to Mongolia and were allowed to settle down in [[Bayan-Ölgii Province]]. There are smaller numbers of [[Russians|Russian]], [[Han Chinese|Chinese]], [[Koreans|Korean]] and [[Americans|American]] people working in Mongolia since 1990. 3,000 [[Westerners]] live in [[Mongolia]], accounting for 0.1% of its total population.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://chojbalsan.ucoz.ru/publ/2-1-0-17|title = Монголия - Монголия - Каталог статей - Чойбалсан&#124;Монголия&#124;Ностальгия}}</ref>

[[English language|English]] is the most widely used foreign language followed by [[Russian language|Russian]]. Lately, [[Mandarin Chinese]],<ref>{{cite web |title="Chinese language fever" in Mongolia on the upswing |url=http://english.hanban.org/article/2016-08/09/content_652567.htm |website=english.hanban.org |access-date=7 February 2020 |archive-date=12 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161112153659/http://english.hanban.org/article/2016-08/09/content_652567.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Japanese language|Japanese]], [[Korean language|Korean]] and [[German language|German]] are gaining popularity.

===Ethnicity===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right;"
|+National censuses data<ref>"Монгол улсын ястангуудын тоо, байршилд гарч буй өөрчлөлтуудийн асуудалд" М.Баянтөр, Г.Нямдаваа, З.Баярмаа pp.57-70</ref>
|- bgcolor="#71A6D2" style="font-weight:bold"
| width="120" align="left" height="12" | Ethnic groups
| width="75" align="right" | [[Ethno-linguistic]] family
| width="75" align="right" | 1956
| width="75" align="right" | 1963
| width="75" align="right" | 1969
| width="75" align="right" | 1979
| width="75" align="right" | 1989
| width="75" align="right" | 2000
| width="75" align="right" | 2010<ref>[http://www.toollogo2010.mn/doc/Main%20results_20110615_to%20EZBH_for%20print.pdf Mongolia National Census 2010 Provision Results. National Statistical Office of Mongolia] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110915170555/http://www.toollogo2010.mn/doc/Main%20results_20110615_to%20EZBH_for%20print.pdf |date=September 15, 2011 }} (in Mongolian.)</ref>
| width="75" align="right" | 2020<ref>{{Cite web|title=2020 POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS OF MONGOLIA /summary/|url=https://www.1212.mn/BookLibraryDownload.ashx?url=Census2020_Mongolia_Eng.pdf&ln=En|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210715110250/https://www.1212.mn/BookLibraryDownload.ashx?url=Census2020_Mongolia_Eng.pdf&ln=En |archive-date=2021-07-15 }}</ref>
|-
| height="12" align="left" | [[Khalka Mongols|Khalkh]]
|align="left"|[[Mongolic languages|Mongolic]]
 | 639,141
 | 775,376
 | 911,079
 | 1,235,806
 | 1,610,424
 | 1,934,674
 | 2,168,141
 | 2,659,985
|-
| height="12" align="left" | [[Kazakhs|Kazakh]]
|align="left"|[[Turkic languages|Turkic]]
 | 36,729
 | 47,735
 | 62,812
 | 84,305
 | 120,506
 | 102,983
 | 101,526
 | 120,999
|-
| height="12" align="left" | [[Dörbet (Choros clan)|Dörbet]]
|align="left"|[[Mongolic languages|Mongolic]]
 | 25,667
 | 31,339
 | 34,725
 | 45,053
 | 55,208
 | 66,706
 | 72,403
 | 83,719
|-
| height="10" align="left" | [[Bayid]]
|align="left"|[[Mongolic languages|Mongolic]]
 | 15,874
 | 19,891
 | 25,479
 | 31,053
 | 39,233
 | 50,824
 | 56,573
 | 63,775
|-
| height="12" align="left" | [[Buryats|Buryat]]
|align="left"|[[Mongolic languages|Mongolic]]
 | 24,625
 | 28,523
 | 29,772
 | 29,802
 | 35,444
 | 40,620
 | 45,087	
 | 43,661
|-
| height="10" align="left" | [[Zakhchin]]
|align="left"|[[Mongolic languages|Mongolic]]
 | 15,772
 | 14,399
 | 15,662
 | 18,957
 | 23,478
 | 25,183
 | 32,845
 | 37,407
|-
| height="10" align="left" | [[Dariganga Mongols|Dariganga]]
|align="left"|[[Mongolic languages|Mongolic]]
 | 16,852
 | 18,587
 | 20,603
 | 24,564
 | 29,040
 | 31,909
 | 27,412
 | 36,419
|-
| height="10" align="left" | [[Altai Uriankhai]]
|align="left"|[[Turkic languages|Mongolic]]
 | rowspan="2"| 10,833<ref>In the 1956 National Census Darkhad were counted with Uriankhai</ref>
 | 13,140
 | 15,057
 | 19,475
 | 22,998
 | 29,766
 | 26,654
 | 29,021
|-
| height="10" align="left" | [[Darkhad]]
|align="left"|[[Mongolic languages|Mongolic]]
 | 8,826
 | 10,174
 | 10,716
 | 14,757
 | 19,019
 | 21,558
 | 24,549
|-
| height="10" align="left" | [[Ööld|Uuld]]
| align="left" |[[Mongolic languages|Mongolic]]
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 | 15,520
 | 14,666
|-
| height="10" align="left" | [[Khotogoid]]
| align="left" |[[Mongolic languages|Mongolic]]
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | 7,237
 | 15,460
 | 8,583
|-
| height="10" align="left" | [[Torghut|Torguud]]
| align="left" |[[Mongolic languages|Mongolic]]
 | 4,729
 | 6,028
 | 7,119
 | 8,617
 | 10,050
 | 12,628
 | 14,176
 | 15,596
|-
| height="10" align="left" | [[Khotons]]
| align="left" |[[Mongolic languages|Turkic]]
 | 2,603
 | 2,874
 | 4,056
 | 4,380
 | 6,076
 | 9,014
 | 11,304
 | 12,057
|-
| height="10" align="left" | [[Myangad]]
| align="left" |[[Mongolic languages|Mongolic]]
 | 2,518
 | 2,712
 | 3,222
 | 4,173
 | 4,760
 | 6,028
 | 6,592
 | 8,125
|-
| height="10" align="left" | [[Tuvans|Tuvan]]
| align="left" |[[Turkic languages|Turkic]]
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | 4,778
 | 5,169
 | 2,354
|-
| height="10" align="left" | [[Barga Mongols|Barga]]
| align="left" |[[Mongolic languages|Mongolic]]
 | 2,458
 | 2,343
 | 2,305
 | 1,999
 | 2,130
 | 2,506
 | 2,989
 | 2,832
|-
| height="10" align="left" | [[Üzemchin Mongols|Üzemchin]]
| align="left" |[[Mongolic languages|Mongolic]]
 | 2,046
 | 2,070
 | 2,127
 | 2,030
 | 2,086
 | 2,386
 | 2,577
 | 2,308
|-
| height="10" align="left" | [[Eljigin]]
| align="left" |[[Mongolic languages|Mongolic]]
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | 151
 | 1,340
 | 1,034
|-
| height="10" align="left" | [[Sartuul]]
| align="left" |[[Mongolic languages|Mongolic]]
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | 1,540
 | 1,286
 | 2,023
|-
| height="10" align="left" | [[Hamnigan]] of Tungusic origin
| align="left" |[[Mongolic languages|Mongolic]]
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | 565
 | 537
 | 384
|-
| height="10" align="left" | [[Dukha|Tsaatan]]
| align="left" |[[Turkic languages|Turkic]]
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | 303
 | 282
 | 208
|-
| height="10" align="left" | [[Chantuu]]
| align="left" |[[Mongolic languages|Mongolic]]
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | 380
 | 260
 | 202
|-
| height="10" align="left" | [[Kharchin Mongols|Kharchin]]
| align="left" |[[Mongolic languages|Mongolic]]
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | 266
 | 152
 | 154
|-
| height="10" align="left" | [[Chahar Mongols|Chahar]]
| align="left" |[[Mongolic languages|Mongolic]]
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | 123
 | 132
 | ...
|-
| height="10" align="left" | [[Khoshut]]
| align="left" |[[Mongolic languages|Mongolic]]
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 | 382
|-
| height="10" align="left" | ([[Huuchid]]){{Efn|name=a}}
| align="left" |[[Mongolic languages|Mongolic]]
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ...
|-
| height="10" align="left" | ([[Baarins|Baarin]]){{Efn|name=a}}
| align="left" |[[Mongolic languages|Mongolic]]
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ...
|-
| height="10" align="left" | ([[Khorchin Mongols|Khorchin]]){{Efn|name=a}}
| align="left" |[[Mongolic languages|Mongolic]]
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ...
|-
| height="10" align="left" | ([[Tümed]]){{Efn|name=a}}
| align="left" |[[Mongolic languages|Mongolic]]
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ...
|-
|- class="sortbottom" bgcolor="#F2F3F4"
| height="10" align="left" colspan="2" | [[Russians|Russian]] nationals
 | 13,444
 | 8,905
 | 1,433
 | 196
 | 140
 | 2,020
 | 2,474
 |
|-
|- class="sortbottom" bgcolor="#F2F3F4"
| height="10" align="left" colspan="2" | [[Han Chinese|Chinese]] nationals
 | 16,157
 | 21,981
 | 725
 | 344
 | 247
 | 3,374
 | 8,688
 |
|-
|- class="sortbottom" bgcolor="#F2F3F4"
| height="10" align="left" colspan="2" | [[Koreans|Korean]] nationals
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | 338
 | 1,522
 |
|-
|- class="sortbottom" bgcolor="#F2F3F4"
| height="10" align="left" colspan="2" | [[United States|American]] nationals
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | 303
 | 656
 |
|-
| height="10" align="left" colspan="2" | Others
 | 11,125
 | 6,819
 | 35,045
 | 8,653
 | 1,509
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | 4,122
|-
|- class="sortbottom" bgcolor="#71A6D2"
|style="font-weight:bold" height="12" align="left" colspan="2" | '''Mongolia'''
 | 845,481
 | 1,017,162
 | 1,188,271
 | 1,538,980
 | 1,987,274
 | 2,365,269
 | 2,754,685
 | 3,174,565
|-
|}
{{notelist|refs={{efn|name=a|Not listed in the Censuses}}}}