Editing David I of Scotland (section)

=== Usurpation of Stephen and First Treaty of Durham ===
Henry I had arranged his inheritance to pass to his daughter [[Empress Matilda]]. Instead, [[Stephen of England|Stephen]], younger brother of [[Theobald II, Count of Blois]], seized the throne.<ref>M. T. Clancy, ''England and its Rulers'', pp. 84–85; Robert Bartlett, ''England under the Norman and Angevin Kings'', p. 10.</ref> David had been the first layperson to take the oath to uphold the succession of Matilda in 1127, and when Stephen was crowned on 22 December 1135, David decided to make war.<ref>Oram, ''David'', pp. 121–123.</ref>

Before December was over, David marched into northern England, and by the end of January, he had occupied the castles of [[Carlisle Castle|Carlisle]], [[Wark on Tyne|Wark]], [[Alnwick]], [[Norham]] and [[Newcastle upon Tyne|Newcastle]]. By February David was at Durham, but an army led by King Stephen met him there. Rather than fight a pitched battle, a treaty was agreed whereby David would retain Carlisle, while David's son Henry was re-granted the title and half the lands of the earldom of Huntingdon, territory which had been confiscated during David's revolt. On Stephen's side, he received back the other castles; and while David would do no homage, Stephen was to receive the homage of Henry for both Carlisle and the other English territories. Stephen also gave the rather worthless but for David face-saving promise that if he ever chose to resurrect the defunct earldom of Northumberland, Henry would be given first consideration. Importantly, the issue of Matilda was not mentioned. However, the first Durham treaty quickly broke down after David took insult at the treatment of his son Henry at Stephen's court.<ref>Oram, ''David'', pp. 122–125.</ref>