Editing Culture of Australia (section)

===Cinema===
{{Main|Cinema of Australia}}
[[File:The Story of the Kelly Gang 1906.jpg|thumb|Actor playing the bushranger [[Ned Kelly]] in ''[[The Story of the Kelly Gang]]'' (1906), the world's first [[feature film]]]]
Australia's first dedicated film studio, the [[Limelight Department]], was created by [[The Salvation Army]] in Melbourne in 1898, and is believed to be the world's first.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.salvationarmy.org.au/SALV/STANDARD/PC_60860.html |title=Australia's first film studio |publisher=Salvationarmy.org.au |date=15 January 2010 |access-date=29 January 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091030184703/http://salvationarmy.org.au/SALV/STANDARD/PC_60860.html |archive-date=30 October 2009 }}</ref> The world's first feature-length film was the 1906 Australian production ''[[The Story of the Kelly Gang]]''.<ref>[http://www.nfsa.gov.au/collection/film/story-kelly-gang/ The Story of the Kelly Gang], [[National Film and Sound Archive]]. Retrieved 27 November 2012.</ref> Tales of [[bushranging]], gold mining, convict life and the colonial frontier dominated the [[List of Australian films#1890s–1930s|silent film era of Australian cinema]]. Filmmakers such as [[Raymond Longford]] and [[W. J. Lincoln]] based many of their productions on Australian novels, plays, and even paintings. An enduring classic is Longford and [[Lottie Lyell]]'s 1919 film ''[[The Sentimental Bloke]]'', adapted from [[The Songs of a Sentimental Bloke|the 1915 poems]] by C. J. Dennis. After such early successes, Australian cinema suffered from the rise of [[Cinema of the United States|Hollywood]].<ref>Routt, William D. "Chapter 3: Our reflections in a window: Australian silent cinema (c. 1896–1930)". In Sabine, James. ''A Century of Australian Cinema''. Melbourne: [[Mandarin Publishing|Mandarin Australia]], 1995. {{ISBN|0-85561-610-5}}, pp.&nbsp;44–63</ref>

In 1933, ''[[In the Wake of the Bounty]]'' was directed by [[Charles Chauvel (filmmaker)|Charles Chauvel]], who cast [[Errol Flynn]] as the leading actor.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://aso.gov.au/titles/features/wake-bounty/ |title=In the Wake of the Bounty (1933) on ASO – Australia's audio and visual heritage online |publisher=Aso.gov.au |access-date=29 January 2011}}</ref> Flynn went on to a celebrated career in Hollywood. Chauvel directed a number of successful Australian films, the last being 1955's ''[[Jedda]]'', which was notable for being the first Australian film to be shot in colour, and the first to feature Aboriginal actors in lead roles and to be entered at the Cannes Film Festival.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/3702/year/1955.html |title=Festival de Cannes – From 11 to 22&nbsp;may 2011 |publisher=Festival-cannes.com |access-date=29 January 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118215228/http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/3702/year/1955.html |archive-date=18 January 2012}}</ref> It was not until 2006 and [[Rolf de Heer]]'s ''[[Ten Canoes]]'' that a major feature-length drama was shot in an Indigenous language ([[Yolngu language|Yolngu]]).

[[Ken G. Hall]]'s 1942 documentary feature ''[[Kokoda Front Line!]]'' was the first Australian film to win an [[Academy Award]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://aso.gov.au/titles/newsreels/kokoda-front-line/ |title=Kokoda Front Line! (1942) on ASO – Australia's audio and visual heritage online |publisher=Aso.gov.au |access-date=29 January 2011}}</ref> In 1976, [[Peter Finch]] posthumously became the first Australian actor to win an Oscar for his role in ''[[Network (1976 film)|Network]]''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Peter Finch – About This Person | url=https://movies.nytimes.com/person/23460/Peter-Finch?inline=nyt-per| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110413161443/http://movies.nytimes.com/person/23460/Peter-Finch?inline=nyt-per| url-status=dead| archive-date=13 April 2011|department=Movies & TV Dept. |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=2011 | access-date=24 December 2012}}</ref>

During the late 1960s and 1970s an influx of government funding saw the development of a new generation of filmmakers telling distinctively Australian stories, including directors [[Peter Weir]], [[George Miller (filmmaker)|George Miller]] and [[Bruce Beresford]]. This era became known as the [[Australian New Wave]]. Films such as ''[[Wake in Fright]]'', ''[[Walkabout (film)|Walkabout]]'' and ''[[Picnic at Hanging Rock (film)|Picnic at Hanging Rock]]'' had an immediate international impact. These successes were followed in the 1980s with the historical epic ''[[Gallipoli (1981 film)|Gallipoli]]'', the romantic drama ''[[The Man from Snowy River (1982 film)|The Man From Snowy River]]'', the comedy ''[["Crocodile" Dundee]]'', and the post-apocalyptic [[Mad Max (franchise)|Mad Max series]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://wwwmcc.murdoch.edu.au/ReadingRoom/film/Croc.html |title="Fair Dinkum Fillums": the Crocodile Dundee Phenomenon |publisher=Cc.murdoch.edu.au |access-date=29 January 2011 |archive-date=12 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412042204/http://wwwmcc.murdoch.edu.au/ReadingRoom/film/Croc.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

[[File:Tropfest 2011.jpg|thumb|left|Founded in 1993, Sydney's [[Tropfest]] is the world's largest short film festival.]]
The 1990s saw a run of successful comedies including ''[[Muriel's Wedding]]'' and ''[[Strictly Ballroom]]'', which helped launch the careers of [[Toni Collette]] and [[Baz Luhrmann]] respectively. [[Australian humour]] features prominently in Australian film, with a strong tradition of self-mockery, from the ''[[Ozploitation]]'' style of the [[Barry McKenzie]] ''expat-in-Europe'' movies of the 1970s, to the [[Working Dog Productions]]' 1997 homage to suburbia ''[[The Castle (1997 Australian film)|The Castle]]'', starring [[Eric Bana]] in his debut film role. Comedies like the barn yard animation ''[[Babe (film)|Babe]]'' (1995), directed by [[Chris Noonan]]; [[Rob Sitch]]'s ''[[The Dish]]'' (2000); and [[Stephan Elliott]]'s ''[[The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert]]'' (1994) all feature in the top ten box-office list.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.australiamovie.net/2009/02/second-highest-grossing-australian-film-of-all-time/ |title=AUSTRALIA - A Baz Luhrmann Film » Second Highest Grossing Australian Film of All Time |access-date=29 March 2010 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100324201044/http://www.australiamovie.net/2009/02/second-highest-grossing-australian-film-of-all-time/ |archive-date=24 March 2010}}</ref> During the 1990s, a new crop of Australian stars were successful in Hollywood, including [[Russell Crowe]], [[Cate Blanchett]] and [[Heath Ledger]]. Between 1996 and 2013, [[Catherine Martin (designer)|Catherine Martin]] won four [[Academy Awards]] for her costume and production designs, the most for any Australian.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/movies/catherine-martin-breaks-record-with-fourth-oscar-win-20140303-33yjz.html|title=Catherine Martin breaks record with fourth Oscar win|last=Maddox|first=Garry|date=3 March 2014|work=Sydney Morning Herald|access-date=3 May 2014}}</ref> ''[[Saw (2004 film)|Saw]]'' (2004) and ''[[Wolf Creek (film)|Wolf Creek]]'' (2005) are credited with the revival of Australian horror.<ref>[http://www.couriermail.com.au/entertainment/movies/local-horror-film-revival/story-e6freqex-1111117952346 "Home-grown horror revival hits our screens"] (5 November 2008), ''The Courier Mail''. Retrieved 31 December 2012.</ref> The comedic, exploitative nature and "[[gimmick]]y" style of 1970s Ozploitation films waned in the mid to late 1980s, as social [[realism (arts)|realist]] dramas such as ''[[Romper Stomper]]'' (1992), ''[[Lantana (film)|Lantana]]'' (2001) and ''[[Samson and Delilah (2009 film)|Samson and Delilah]]'' (2009) became more reflective of the Australian experience in the 1980s, 90s and 2000s.

The domestic film industry is also supported by US producers who produce in Australia following the decision by Fox head [[Rupert Murdoch]] to utilise new studios in Melbourne and Sydney where filming could be completed well below US costs. Notable productions include ''[[The Matrix]]'', ''[[Star Wars]]'' episodes [[Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones|II]] and [[Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith|III]], and ''[[Australia (2008 film)|Australia]]'' starring [[Nicole Kidman]] and [[Hugh Jackman]].