Editing Conservatism (section)

=== Paternalistic conservatism ===
{{main|Paternalistic conservatism}}
Paternalistic conservatism is a strand in conservatism which reflects the belief that societies exist and develop organically and that members within them have obligations towards each other.<ref>{{cite book |last=Heywood |first=Andrew |year=2013 |title=Politics |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-1-137-27244-7 |page=34}}</ref> There is particular emphasis on the paternalistic obligation ({{lang|fr|[[noblesse oblige]]}}) of those who are privileged and wealthy to the poorer parts of society, which is consistent with principles such as [[duty]], [[Organic unity|organicism]], and [[hierarchy]].{{sfn|Heywood|2017|pp=76–77}} Its proponents often stress the importance of a [[social safety net]] to deal with poverty, supporting limited [[redistribution of wealth]] along with government regulation of markets in the interests of both consumers and producers.<ref>{{cite book |author-last=Dunleavy |author-first=Patrick |display-authors=etal |title=British Political Science: Fifty Years of Political Studies |publisher=Wiley-Blackwell |year=2000 |pages=107–108}}</ref>

{{One-nation conservatism}}
Paternalistic conservatism first arose as a distinct ideology in the [[United Kingdom]] under Prime Minister [[Benjamin Disraeli]]'s "[[One nation conservatism|One Nation]]" [[Toryism]].<ref>{{cite book |author=Robert Blake |title=Disraeli |edition=2 |publisher=Eyre & Spottiswoode |year=1967 |page=524 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JH_-3gcYzecC}}</ref> There have been a variety of one-nation conservative governments in the United Kingdom with exponents such as Prime Ministers Disraeli, [[Stanley Baldwin]], [[Neville Chamberlain]], [[Winston Churchill]], and [[Harold Macmillan]].<ref>{{cite book |author=Russel, Trevor |title=The Tory Party: Its Policies, Divisions and Future |publisher=Penguin |year=1978 |page=167}}</ref>

In 19th-century [[Germany]], Chancellor [[Otto von Bismarck]] adopted a set of social programs, known as [[State Socialism (Germany)|state socialism]], which included insurance for workers against sickness, accident, incapacity, and old age. The goal of this conservative state-building strategy was to make ordinary Germans, not just the [[Junker (Prussia)|Junker]] aristocracy, more loyal to state and [[German Emperor|Emperor]].{{sfn|Encyclopædia Britannica}} Chancellor [[Leo von Caprivi]] promoted a conservative agenda called the "New Course".<ref>John Alden Nichols. ''Germany after Bismarck, the Caprivi era, 1890–1894: Issue 5''. Harvard University Press, 1958. p. 260</ref>