Editing Congress of Vienna (section)

=== Polish-Saxon questions ===<!-- the redirect Polish-Saxon crisis redirects to this section heading-->
The most complex topic at the Congress was the Polish-Saxon Crisis. Russia wanted most of Poland, and Prussia wanted all of Saxony, whose king had allied with Napoleon. The tsar would like to become king of Poland.<ref>{{Cite journal | first=W.H. |last=Zawadzki |title=Russia and the Re-Opening of the Polish Question, 1801–1814 |journal=[[International History Review]] |date=1985 |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=19–44|doi=10.1080/07075332.1985.9640368 }}</ref> Austria analysed, this could make Russia too powerful, a view which was supported by Britain. The result was a deadlock, for which Talleyrand proposed a solution: admit France to the inner circle, and France would support Austria and Britain. The three nations [[Secret Treaty of Vienna|signed a treaty on 3 January 1815]], among only the three of them, agreeing to go to war against Russia and Prussia, if necessary, to prevent the Russo-Prussian plan from coming to fruition.<ref name="Nicolson">Nicolson, Sir Harold (2001). [https://books.google.com/books?id=ZTC3IWC_py8C&q=Talleyrand+30+september ''The Congress of Vienna: A Study in Allied Unity: 1812–1822''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150322153534/http://books.google.com/books?id=ZTC3IWC_py8C&printsec=frontcover&dq=congress+of+vienna&hl=cs&ei=5deZTM7GGI7KjAfCpsAO&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Talleyrand%2030%20september&f=false |date=22 March 2015 }} Grove Press; Rep. Ed. pp. 140–164. {{ISBN|0-8021-3744-X}}</ref>

When the Tsar heard of the treaty he agreed to a compromise that satisfied all parties on 24 October 1815. Russia received most of the Napoleonic [[Duchy of Warsaw]] as a "Kingdom of Poland" – called [[Congress Poland]], with the tsar as a king ruling it independently of Russia. However, the majority of [[Greater Poland]] and [[Kuyavia]], as well as the [[Chełmno Land]], were given to Prussia and mostly included within the newly formed [[Grand Duchy of Posen]] ([[Poznań]]), while [[Kraków]] became a [[Free City of Kraków|free city]] as a shared protectorate of Austria, Prussia and Russia. Furthermore, the tsar was forbidden from uniting his new realm with [[Russian Partition|the parts of Poland that had been incorporated into Russia in the 1790s]]. Prussia received 60 percent of Saxony, much of which became part of the new [[Province of Saxony]] from 1816 (the now-Prussian parts of [[Lower Lusatia]] and some other areas instead became part of the [[Province of Brandenburg]], with Prussian [[Upper Lusatia]] becoming part of the [[Province of Silesia]] by 1825); the remainder of Saxony returned to King [[Frederick Augustus I of Saxony|Frederick Augustus I]] as his [[Kingdom of Saxony]].{{Sfn|Webster|1913|pages=49–101}}