Editing Concorde (section)

===Testing===
[[File:02.03.69 1er vol de Concorde (1969) - 53Fi1931 - cropped.jpg|thumb|Concorde 001 first flight in 1969]]

The design work was supported by a research programme studying the flight characteristics of low ratio [[delta wing]]s. A supersonic [[Fairey Delta 2]] was modified to carry the ogee planform, and, renamed as the BAC 221, used for tests of the high-speed flight envelope;{{sfn|Taylor|1965|p=130}} the [[Handley Page HP.115]] also provided valuable information on low-speed performance.{{sfn|Winchester|2005a|p=134}}

Construction of two prototypes began in February 1965: 001, built by Aérospatiale at Toulouse, and 002, by BAC at [[Filton]], Bristol. 001 made its first test flight from Toulouse on 2 March 1969, piloted by [[André Turcat]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Pilot Says Concorde Flight 'Perfect'|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=KXoyAAAAIBAJ&pg=6573,360672 |access-date=30 June 2011 |work=Montreal Gazette |date=1 March 1969 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414095431/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=KXoyAAAAIBAJ&pg=6573,360672 |archive-date=14 April 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> and first went supersonic on 1 October.{{sfn|Olivier|2018|p=11}}<ref>{{cite news |url=http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F30C1EFC3454127B93C0A9178BD95F4D8685F9 |title=Concorde Tops Speed of Sound for 9 Minutes on a Test Flight |work=The New York Times |date=2 October 1969 |access-date=22 March 2010 |archive-date=7 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120107234836/http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F30C1EFC3454127B93C0A9178BD95F4D8685F9 |url-status=live}}</ref> The first UK-built Concorde flew from Filton to [[RAF Fairford]] on 9 April 1969, piloted by [[Brian Trubshaw]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/2/newsid_2514000/2514535.stm |title=1969: Concorde flies for the first time |work=BBC News |access-date=8 July 2007 |date=2 March 1969 |archive-date=3 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110903062944/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/2/newsid_2514000/2514535.stm |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/584606362.html?dids=584606362:584606362&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Apr+10%2C+1969&author=&pub=Chicago+Tribune&desc=Concorde+002+Makes+1st+Flight&pqatl=google |title=Concorde 002 Makes 1st Flight |work=Chicago Tribune |first=Edward |last=Rohrbach |access-date=30 June 2011 |date=10 April 1969 |archive-date=25 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120725063900/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/584606362.html?dids=584606362:584606362&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Apr+10%2C+1969&author=&pub=Chicago+Tribune&desc=Concorde+002+Makes+1st+Flight&pqatl=google |url-status=dead}}</ref> Both prototypes were presented to the public on 7–8 June 1969 at the [[Paris Air Show]]. As the flight programme progressed, 001 embarked on a sales and demonstration tour on 4 September 1971, which was also the first transatlantic crossing of Concorde.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/597531692.html?dids=597531692:597531692&FMT=CITE&FMTS=CITE:AI&type=historic&date=Sep+05%2C+1971&author=&pub=Chicago+Tribune&desc=Concorde+001+Makes+Its+First+Atlantic+Crossing&pqatl=google |title=Concorde 001 Makes Its First Atlantic Crossing |work=Chicago Tribune |access-date=30 June 2011 |date=5 September 1971 |archive-date=6 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120106122156/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/597531692.html?dids=597531692:597531692&FMT=CITE&FMTS=CITE:AI&type=historic&date=Sep+05%2C+1971&author=&pub=Chicago+Tribune&desc=Concorde+001+Makes+Its+First+Atlantic+Crossing&pqatl=google |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Anglo-French Concorde Lands in Brazil to begin Week of Demonstration Flights |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=VCY0AAAAIBAJ&pg=2521,1962837 |work=Bangor Daily News |date=7 September 1971 |access-date=28 November 2020 |url-status=live |archive-date=14 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414131208/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=VCY0AAAAIBAJ&pg=2521,1962837}}</ref> Concorde 002 followed on 2 June 1972 with a tour of the Middle and Far East.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F70D10F73B591A7493C1A9178DD85F468785F9 |title=Concorde Prototype Begins 10-Nation Tour; Britain Shows Optimism For Supersonic Aircraft |work=The New York Times |first=Michael |last=Stern |date=3 June 1972 |access-date=30 June 2011 |url-status=live |archive-date=7 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120107234925/http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F70D10F73B591A7493C1A9178DD85F468785F9}}</ref> Concorde 002 made the first visit to the United States in 1973, landing at [[Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport|Dallas/Fort Worth Regional Airport]] to mark the airport's opening.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FA0E16FB3A54137A93C3AB1782D85F478785F9 |first=Richard |last=Witkin |date=21 September 1973 |title=A Supersonic Concorde Lands in Texas |work=The New York Times |access-date=30 June 2011 |archive-date=3 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103103438/http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FA0E16FB3A54137A93C3AB1782D85F478785F9 |url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Concorde first visit Heathrow Fitzgerald.jpg|thumb|Concorde on early visit to Heathrow Airport on 1 July 1972]]
Concorde had initially held a great deal of customer interest, but the project was hit by order cancellations. The [[1973 Paris Air Show crash|Paris Le Bourget air show crash]] of the competing Soviet [[Tupolev Tu-144]] had shocked potential buyers, and public concern over the environmental issues of supersonic aircraft{{snd}}the [[sonic boom]], take-off noise and pollution{{snd}}had produced a change in the public opinion of SSTs. By 1976 the remaining buyers were from four countries: Britain, France, China, and Iran.<ref name="Concordes limited to 16" /> Only Air France and British Airways (the successor to BOAC) took up their orders, with the two governments taking a cut of any profits.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.britishairways.com/concorde/faq.html#6 |title=Payments for Concorde |publisher=British Airways |access-date=2 December 2009 |archive-date=19 December 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091219154117/http://www.britishairways.com/concorde/faq.html#6 |url-status=live}}</ref>

The US government cut federal funding for the [[Boeing 2707]], its supersonic transport programme, in 1971; Boeing did not complete its two 2707 prototypes. The US, India, and Malaysia all ruled out Concorde supersonic flights over the noise concern, although some of these restrictions were later relaxed.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F70813F83F5511728DDDAE0994DA415B888BF1D3 |title=Malaysia lifting ban on the use of its Airspace by the Concorde |work=The New York Times |access-date=30 June 2011 |date=17 December 1978 |archive-date=7 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120107234822/http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F70813F83F5511728DDDAE0994DA415B888BF1D3 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=xTMsAAAAIBAJ&pg=6855,2298265 |title=News from around the world |work=Herald-Journal |date=13 January 1978 |access-date=30 June 2011 |archive-date=14 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414125644/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=xTMsAAAAIBAJ&pg=6855,2298265 |url-status=live}}</ref> Professor Douglas Ross characterised restrictions placed upon Concorde operations by President [[Jimmy Carter]]'s administration as having been an act of [[protectionism]] of American aircraft manufacturers.{{sfn|Ross|1978|p=46}}