Editing Codex (section)

===The ''libraire''===
By a close examination of the physical attributes of a codex, it is sometimes possible to match up long-separated elements originally from the same book. In 13th-century [[Publishing|book publishing]], due to secularization, stationers or ''libraires'' emerged. They would receive commissions for texts, which they would contract out to scribes, illustrators, and binders, to whom they supplied materials. Due to the systematic format used for assembly by the ''libraire'', the structure can be used to reconstruct the original order of a manuscript. However, complications can arise in the study of a codex. Manuscripts were frequently rebound, and this resulted in a particular codex incorporating works of different dates and origins, thus different internal structures. Additionally, a binder could alter or unify these structures to ensure a better fit for the new binding.<ref name="Companion">{{Cite book |last=Hunter |first=Timothy |title=The Oxford Companion to Western Art |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2001 |isbn=9780198662037 |editor-last=Brigstocke |editor-first=Hugh |chapter=Codicology}}</ref> Completed quires or books of quires might constitute independent book units- booklets, which could be returned to the stationer, or combined with other texts to make anthologies or miscellanies. Exemplars were sometimes divided into quires for simultaneous copying and loaned out to students for study. To facilitate this, catchwords were used- a word at the end of a page providing the next page's first word.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Smith |first=Margaret M. |title=The Oxford Companion to the Book |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2010 |isbn=9780198606536 |editor-last=Suarez |editor-first=Michael |chapter=Catchword |editor-last2=Woudhuysen |editor-first2=H. R.}}</ref>