Editing Circumflex (section)

===Diacritic on consonants===
* In [[Pinyin]], the romanized writing of [[Standard Mandarin|Mandarin Chinese]], ''ẑ'', ''ĉ'', and ''ŝ'' are, albeit rarely, used to represent ''zh'' {{IPAblink|tʂ}}, ''ch'' {{IPAblink|tʂʰ}}, and ''sh'' {{IPAblink|ʂ}}, respectively.
* In [[Esperanto]], the circumflex is used on ''ĉ'' {{IPAblink|tʃ}}, ''ĝ'' {{IPAblink|dʒ}}, ''ĥ'' {{IPAblink|x}}, ''ĵ'' {{IPAblink|ʒ}}, ''ŝ'' {{IPAblink|ʃ}}. Each indicates a different consonant from the unaccented form, and is considered a separate letter for purposes of [[collation]]. (See [[Esperanto orthography]].)
* In [[Nsenga language|Nsenga]], ''ŵ'' denotes the [[labiodental approximant]] {{IPAslink|ʋ}}.
* In [[Chichewa language|Chichewa]], ''ŵ'' (present for example in the name of the country ''[[Malawi|Malaŵi]]'') used to denote the [[voiced bilabial fricative]] {{IPAslink|β}}; nowadays, however, most Chichewa-speakers pronounce it as a regular {{IPAblink|w}}.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-10-25 |title=Malawi em português: Maláui, Malaui, Malauí, Malavi ou Malávi? |url=http://dicionarioegramatica.com.br/2015/10/25/malawi-malaui-malaui-malaui-malavi-ou-malavi/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817120145/https://dicionarioegramatica.com.br/2015/10/25/malawi-malaui-malaui-malaui-malavi-ou-malavi/ |archive-date=2016-08-17 |access-date=2015-10-25 |website=DicionarioeGramatica.com.br |language=pt}}</ref>
* In [[Nias language#Phonology|Nias]], ''ŵ'' denotes the [[semivowel]] {{IPAblink|w}}.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Halawa |first1=T. |url=http://repositori.kemdikbud.go.id/3607/1/Struktur%20bahasa%20nias.pdf |title=Struktur Bahasa Nias |last2=Harefa |first2=A. |last3=Silitonga |first3=M. |date=1983 |publisher=Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan |location=Jakarta |language=id |trans-title=Nias Language Structure |via=repositori.kemdikbud.go.id |access-date=2021-12-11 |archive-date=2021-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210306223647/http://repositori.kemdikbud.go.id/3607/1/Struktur%20bahasa%20nias.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
* In the African language [[Venda language|Venda]], a circumflex below d, l, n, and t is used to represent dental consonants: ḓ, ḽ, ṋ, ṱ.
* In the 18th century, the [[Real Academia Española]] introduced the circumflex accent in Spanish to mark that a ''ch'' or ''x'' were pronounced {{IPA|/k/}} and {{IPA|/ɡs/}} respectively (instead of {{IPA|/tʃ/}} and {{IPA|/x/}}, which were the default values): ''châracteres, exâcto'' (spelled today ''caracteres, exacto''). This usage was quickly abandoned during the same century, once the RAE decided to use ''ch'' and ''x'' with one assigned pronunciation only: {{IPA|/tʃ/}} and {{IPA|/ɡs/}} respectively.
* In [[Domari language|Domari]] (according to the Pan-Domari Alphabet orthography), the circumflex is used on the letters <''ĉ ĝ ĵ ŝ ẑ''> to represent the sounds of {{IPA|/t͡ʃ ɣ d͡ʒ ʃ ʒ/}}. It is also used above vowels to indicate length.