Editing Church (building) (section)

==Types==

===Basilica===
{{main|Basilica}}
{{further|Minster (church)}}

The [[Latin]] word ''basilica'' was initially used to describe a [[ancient Rome|Roman]] public building usually located in the [[Forum (Roman)|forum]] of a Roman town.<ref name="OXFORD1">[https://books.google.com/books?id=Te2dAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA117 ''The Oxford Dictionary of Christian Art and Architecture''] (2013 {{ISBN|978-0-19968027-6}}), p. 117</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Institute for Sacred Architecture - Articles- The Eschatological Dimension of Church Architecture |url=http://www.sacredarchitecture.org/articles/the_eschatological_dimension_of_church_architecture |access-date=8 April 2016 |archive-date=9 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220209094141/https://www.sacredarchitecture.org/articles/the_eschatological_dimension_of_church_architecture/ |url-status=live}}</ref> After the [[Roman Empire]] became [[Edict of Thessalonica|officially Christian]], the term came by extension to refer to a large and influential church that has been given special ceremonial rights by the [[Pope]].<ref>{{cite web |title=basilica {{!}} Etymology, origin and meaning of basilica by etymonline |url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/basilica |access-date=2023-08-17 |website=www.etymonline.com |archive-date=17 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230817020716/https://www.etymonline.com/word/basilica |url-status=live}}</ref> The word thus retains two senses today, one architectural and the other ecclesiastical.

===Cathedral===
{{main|Cathedral|Duomo| Architecture of cathedrals and great churches}}
[[File:Florence Duomo from Michelangelo hill.jpg|thumb|[[Florence Cathedral]]]]
A cathedral is a church, usually [[Catholic Church|Catholic]], [[Anglican]], [[Oriental Orthodox]] or [[Eastern Orthodox]], housing the seat of a bishop. The word cathedral takes its name from ''[[cathedra]]'', or Bishop's Throne (In {{langx|la|ecclesia cathedralis}}). The term is sometimes (improperly) used to refer to any church of great size.

A church with a cathedral function is not necessarily a large building. It might be as small as [[Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford|Christ Church Cathedral]] in [[Oxford]], England, [[Porvoo Cathedral]] in [[Porvoo]], Finland, [[Sacred Heart Cathedral (Raleigh, North Carolina)|Sacred Heart Cathedral]] in [[Raleigh, North Carolina|Raleigh, United States]], or [[Chur]] Cathedral in Switzerland. However, frequently, the cathedral, along with some of the abbey churches, was the [[List of largest buildings in the world|largest building]] in any region.

Cathedrals tend to display a higher level of [[Contemporary architecture|contemporary architectural style]] and the work of accomplished craftsmen, and occupy a status both ecclesiastical and social that an ordinary parish church rarely has. Such churches are generally among the finest buildings locally and a source of national and regional pride,<ref>Batsford and Fry, 1-3</ref> and many are among the world's most renowned works of architecture.<ref>Richard Utz. "The Cathedral as Time Machine: Art, Architecture, and Religion." In: ''The Idea of the Gothic Cathedral. Interdisciplinary Perspectives on the Meanings of the Medieval Edifice in the Modern Period'', ed. Stephanie Glaser (Turnhout: Brepols, 2018). pp.&nbsp;239–59.</ref>

===Chapel===
{{main|Chapel}}
{{further|Chapel of ease|Sistine Chapel}} 
[[File:Cappella Palatina 2014.jpg|thumb|[[Cappella Palatina]], [[Palermo]], [[Sicily]]]]
Either, a discrete space with an altar inside a larger cathedral, conventual, parish, or other church; or, a free standing small church building or room not connected to a larger church, to serve a particular [[hospital]], [[school]], [[university]], prison, private household, [[palace]], [[castle]], or other institution. Often  proprietary churches and small conventual churches are referred to by this term.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03574b.htm|title=CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Chapel|website=www.newadvent.org|access-date=10 April 2005|archive-date=9 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309142301/https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03574b.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Collegiate church===
{{main|Collegiate church}}
A collegiate church is a church where the [[daily office]] of worship is maintained by a [[college (canon law)|college]] of [[canon (priest)|canons]], which may be presided over by a [[Dean (religion)|dean]] or [[Provost (religion)|provost]].
Collegiate churches were often supported by extensive lands held by the church, or by [[tithe]] income from [[impropriation|appropriated]] [[benefices]]. They commonly provide distinct spaces for congregational worship and for the choir offices of their clerical community.

===Conventual church===
{{further|Abbey|Priory|Katholikon}}
A conventual church (in Eastern Orthodoxy ''[[katholikon]]'') is the main church in a Christian [[monastery]] or [[convent]], known variously as an [[abbey]], a [[priory]], a [[friary]], or a [[preceptor#Christian military orders|preceptory]].

===Parish church===
{{main|Parish Church}} 
{{further|Parish|Clergy house}}
[[File:BerndorfEnsembleMargaretenplatz.jpg|thumb|St Margarete Parish Church, [[Berndorf, Lower Austria|Berndorf]], [[Austria]]]]
A parish church is a church built to meet the needs of people localised in a geographical area called a [[parish]]. The vast majority of Catholic, Orthodox, Anglican, and Lutheran church buildings fall into this category. A parish church may also be a basilica, a cathedral, a conventual or collegiate church, or a place of pilgrimage. The vast majority of parish churches do not however enjoy such privileges.

In addition to a parish church, each parish may maintain auxiliary organizations and their facilities such as a [[rectory]], [[church hall|parish hall]], [[parochial school]], or [[convent]], frequently located on the same campus or adjacent to the church.

===Pilgrimage church===
{{main|Pilgrimage church}}
A pilgrimage church is a church to which [[pilgrimage]]s are regularly made, or a church along a pilgrimage route, often located at the tomb of a [[saint]]s, or holding icons or [[relic]]s to which miraculous properties are ascribed, the site of [[Marian apparition]]s, etc.

===Proprietary church===
{{main|Proprietary church}}
During the Middle Ages, a proprietary church was a church, abbey, or cloister built on the private grounds of a feudal lord, over which he retained proprietary interests.

===Evangelical church structures===
[[File:Lakewood worship.jpg|thumb|[[Lakewood Church]]]]
The architecture of [[Evangelicalism|evangelical]] places of worship is mainly characterized by its sobriety.<ref>Peter W. Williams, ''Houses of God: Region, Religion, and Architecture in the United States'', University of Illinois Press, USA, 2000, p. 125</ref><ref>Murray Dempster, Byron D. Klaus, Douglas Petersen, ''The Globalization of Pentecostalism: A Religion Made to Travel'', Wipf and Stock Publishers, USA, 2011, p. 210</ref> The [[Latin cross]] is a well known [[Christian symbol]] that can usually be seen on the building of an evangelical church and that identifies the place's belonging.<ref>Mark A. Lamport, ''Encyclopedia of Christianity in the Global South, Volume 2'', Rowman & Littlefield, USA, 2018, p. 32</ref><ref>Anne C. Loveland, Otis B. Wheeler, '' From Meetinghouse to Megachurch: A Material and Cultural History'', University of Missouri Press, USA, 2003, p. 149</ref> Some services take place in theaters, schools or multipurpose rooms, rented for Sunday only.<ref name="Caillou">Annabelle Caillou, [https://www.ledevoir.com/societe/541071/vivre-grace-aux-dons-et-au-benevolat Vivre grâce aux dons et au bénévolat] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106064325/https://www.ledevoir.com/societe/541071/vivre-grace-aux-dons-et-au-benevolat |date=6 November 2020 }}, ledevoir.com, Canada, 10 November 2018</ref><ref>Helmuth Berking, Silke Steets, Jochen Schwenk, ''Religious Pluralism and the City: Inquiries into Postsecular Urbanism'', Bloomsbury Publishing, UK, 2018, p. 78</ref><ref>George Thomas Kurian, Mark A. Lamport, ''Encyclopedia of Christianity in the United States, Volume 5'', Rowman & Littlefield, USA, 2016, p. 1359</ref> There is usually a [[baptistery]] at the front of the church (in what is known as the [[chancel]] in historic traditions) or in a separate room for [[Immersion baptism|baptisms by immersion]].<ref>William H. Brackney, ''Historical Dictionary of the Baptists'', Scarecrow Press, USA, 2009, p. 61</ref><ref>Wade Clark Roof, ''Contemporary American Religion, Volume 1'', Macmillan, UK, 2000, p. 49</ref>

Worship services take on impressive proportions in the [[megachurches]] (churches where more than 2,000 people gather every Sunday). In some of these megachurches, more than 10,000 people gather every Sunday. The term gigachurch is sometimes used.<ref>Sam Hey, ''Megachurches: Origins, Ministry, and Prospects'', Wipf and Stock Publishers, USA, 2013, p. 265.</ref><ref>Ed Stetzer, 
[http://www.christianitytoday.com/edstetzer/2008/october/megachurch-research--terminology.html Megachurch Research - Terminology] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516030544/https://www.christianitytoday.com/edstetzer/2008/october/megachurch-research--terminology.html |date=16 May 2021 }}, christianitytoday.com, USA, October 9, 2008.</ref> For example, [[Lakewood Church]] (United States) or [[Yoido Full Gospel Church]] (South Korea).<ref>Alicia Budich, 
[http://www.cbsnews.com/news/from-megachurch-to-gigachurch/ From Megachurch to "Gigachurch"], cbsnews.com, USA, April 6, 2012.</ref>

===House church===
{{Main|House church}}
[[File:People singing chant.JPG|thumb|A house church in Shunyi, Beijing]]
In some countries of the world which apply [[sharia]] or [[communism]], government authorizations for worship are complex for Christians.<ref>Erwin Fahlbusch, Geoffrey William Bromiley, ''The Encyclopedia of Christianity, Volume 4'', Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, USA, 2005, p. 163.</ref><ref>Yves Mamou, [https://www.lefigaro.fr/vox/religion/2019/03/20/31004-20190320ARTFIG00076-yves-mamou-les-persecutions-de-chretiens-ont-lieu-en-majorite-dans-des-pays-musulmans.php Yves Mamou: «Les persécutions de chrétiens ont lieu en majorité dans des pays musulmans»] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111023318/https://www.lefigaro.fr/vox/religion/2019/03/20/31004-20190320ARTFIG00076-yves-mamou-les-persecutions-de-chretiens-ont-lieu-en-majorite-dans-des-pays-musulmans.php |date=11 January 2021 }}, lefigaro.fr, France, March 20, 2019</ref><ref>Wesley Rahn, [https://www.dw.com/en/in-xi-we-trust-is-china-cracking-down-on-christianity/a-42224752 In Xi we trust - Is China cracking down on Christianity?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210220161203/https://www.dw.com/en/in-xi-we-trust-is-china-cracking-down-on-christianity/a-42224752 |date=20 February 2021 }}, dw.com, Germany, January 19, 2018</ref> Because of [[persecution of Christians]], Evangelical [[house churches]] have thus developed.<ref>Allan Heaton Anderson, ''An Introduction to Pentecostalism: Global Charismatic Christianity'', Cambridge University Press, UK, 2013, p. 104.</ref> For example, there is the [[House church (China)|Evangelical house churches in China]] movement.<ref>Brian Stiller, ''Evangelicals Around the World: A Global Handbook for the 21st Century'', Thomas Nelson, USA, 2015, p. 328</ref> The meetings thus take place in private houses, in secret and in "illegality".<ref>Mark A. Lamport, ''Encyclopedia of Christianity in the Global South, Volume 2'', Rowman & Littlefield, USA, 2018, p. 364.</ref>

===Alternative buildings===
{{further|Road church|Simultaneum}}

Old and disused church buildings can be seen as an interesting proposition for developers as the architecture and location often provide for attractive homes<ref>{{Cite news |last=Alexander |first=Lucy |date=14 December 2007 |title=Church conversions |work=The Times |location=London |url=http://property.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/property/new_homes/article3047285.ece |access-date=30 April 2010 |archive-date=1 May 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090501094940/http://property.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/property/new_homes/article3047285.ece |url-status=dead }}</ref> or city centre entertainment venues.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Site design and technology by Lightmaker.com |title=quality food and drink |url=http://www.pitcherandpiano.com/locations/bar.cfm?area=Nottingham |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111031113829/http://www.pitcherandpiano.com/locations/bar.cfm?area=nottingham |archive-date=31 October 2011 |access-date=18 October 2011 |publisher=Pitcher and Piano}}</ref> On the other hand, many newer churches have decided to host meetings in public buildings such as schools,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome to the Family Church Christchurch Dorset |url=http://www.familychurchchristchurch.org.uk/ |access-date=18 October 2011 |publisher=The Family Church Christchurch |archive-date=20 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020150925/http://www.familychurchchristchurch.org.uk/ |url-status=live }}</ref> universities,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome to The Hope Church, Manchester... A Newfrontiers Church based in Salford, Greater Manchester UK |url=http://www.the-hope.org.uk |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100202171948/http://www.the-hope.org.uk/ |archive-date=2 February 2010 |access-date=18 October 2011 |publisher=The-hope.org.uk}}</ref> cinemas<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jubilee Church London |url=http://www.jubileechurchlondon.org/ |website=jubileechurchlondon.org |access-date=23 December 2010 |archive-date=27 December 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101227123034/http://jubileechurchlondon.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref> or theatres.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome to Hillsong Church |url=http://hillsong.com/uk/ |access-date=25 November 2016 |website=Hillsong Church UK |archive-date=27 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161127002701/http://hillsong.com/uk/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

There is another trend to convert old buildings for [[worship]] rather than face the construction costs and planning difficulties of a new build. Unusual venues in the UK include a former tram power station,<ref>{{Cite web |title=CITY CHURCH NEWCASTLE & GATESHEAD – enjoying God...making friends...changing lives – Welcome |url=http://www.city-church.co.uk/ |access-date=18 October 2011 |publisher=City-church.co.uk |archive-date=6 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006021722/http://www.city-church.co.uk/ |url-status=live }}</ref> a former [[bus garage]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aylsham Community Church |url=http://www.aylshamcommunitychurch.org/ |access-date=18 October 2011 |publisher=Aylsham Community Church |archive-date=13 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110913220620/http://www.aylshamcommunitychurch.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref> a former cinema and [[Bingo (UK)|bingo]] hall,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hall |first=Reg |title=Things are different now: A short history of Winchester Family Church |publisher=Winchester Family Church |year=2004 |location=Winchester |page=11}}</ref> a former [[Territorial Army (United Kingdom)|Territorial Army]] drill hall,<ref>{{Cite web |title=ABOUT |url=http://www.barnabascommunitychurch.com/about.html |access-date=5 December 2016 |website=www.barnabascommunitychurch.com |archive-date=20 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220052513/http://www.barnabascommunitychurch.com/about.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and a former [[synagogue]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Where We Meet |url=http://www.citychurchsheffield.org.uk/where-we-meet |access-date=5 December 2016 |website=City Church Sheffield |archive-date=20 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220052125/http://www.citychurchsheffield.org.uk/where-we-meet |url-status=live }}</ref> {{HMS|Tees|1817|6}} served as a floating church for mariners at [[Liverpool]] from 1827 until she sank in 1872.<ref name="LM100672">{{Cite news |date=10 June 1872 |title=Local and General |work=Leeds Mercury |issue=10660 |location=Leeds}}</ref> A windmill has also been converted into a church at [[Reigate Heath Windmill|Reigate Heath]].

There have been increased partnerships between church management and private real estate companies to redevelop church properties into mixed uses. While it has garnered criticism, the partnership allows congregations to increase revenue while preserving the property.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Friedman |first=Robyn A. |title=Churches Redeveloping Properties to Give Them New Life |work=The Wall Street Journal |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/churches-redeveloping-properties-to-give-them-new-life-1443519001 |access-date=2015-10-23 |issn=0099-9660 |archive-date=13 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170713023229/https://www.wsj.com/articles/churches-redeveloping-properties-to-give-them-new-life-1443519001 |url-status=live }}</ref>