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==Common Chinese surnames== === Mainland China === {{Main list|List of common Chinese surnames}} {{hatnote|See also: [[List of most common surnames in Asia#China|Sizes of the 20 largest Chinese surnames]] (2018)}} According to a comprehensive survey of [[hukou system|residential permits]] released by the [[PRC|Chinese]] [[Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China|Ministry of Public Security]] on 24 April 2007,<ref name=xinhua>Xinhua News. 24 April 2007. "中国姓氏排行". "[http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_486c0f6701000dsu.html 天下第一大姓——王]." 14 November 2007. Accessed 26 March 2012.</ref><ref name="Eastday">"[http://news.eastday.com/c/20070424/u1a2791347.html 公安部统计:'王'成中国第一大姓 有9288万人] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304115438/http://news.eastday.com/c/20070424/u1a2791347.html |date=4 March 2016 }}." 24 April 2007. Accessed 27 March 2012.{{in lang|zh}}</ref> the ten most common surnames in mainland China are [[Wang (surname)|Wang]] (王), [[Li (surname 李)|Li]] (李), [[Zhang (surname)|Zhang]] (张), [[Liu (surname)|Liu]] (刘), [[Chen (surname)|Chen]] (陈), [[Yang (surname)|Yang]] (杨), [[Huang (surname)|Huang]] (黄), [[Zhao (surname)|Zhao]] (赵), [[Wu (surname)|Wu]] (吴), and [[Zhou (surname)|Zhou]] (周). The same names were also found (in slightly different orders) by a fairly comprehensive survey of 296 million people in 2006,<ref>{{cite web |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080421054455/http://www.nciic.com.cn/yewufanwei-rksu-mfcp2.htm |archive-date = 21 April 2008 |url = http://www.nciic.com.cn/yewufanwei-rksu-mfcp2.htm |title = 人口数据统计 }} It was conducted by [[Yuan Yida]] of the [[Chinese Academy of Sciences]]' Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology. The authoritative results of this survey were previously published on the [[National Citizen Identity Information Center]]</ref> and by the [[1982 Chinese census|1982 census]].<ref name="Peeps">''People's Daily Online''. "[http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200411/19/eng20041119_164456.html China issues first set of stamps of Chinese family names]". 19 November 2004. Accessed 28 March 2012.</ref><ref>挑灯看剑 踏雪寻梅. "[http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_5cc7bc89010100lx.html 新'百家姓'图腾,快来看看您的尊姓啥模样] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222072741/http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_5cc7bc89010100lx.html |date=22 February 2014 }} [The New ''[[Hundred Family Surnames]]''<nowiki>'</nowiki>s Totems: Quick, Come Look at Your Honorable Surname's Picture]". 12 December 2011. Accessed 28 March 2012. {{in lang|zh}}</ref> The top [[list of common Chinese surnames|100 surnames]] cover 84.77% of China's population.<ref name="Eastday"/> The top 10 surnames each have populations greater than 20 million. The MPS survey revealed that the top 3 surnames in China have a combined population larger than Indonesia,<ref>Badan Pusat Statistik. "[http://dds.bps.go.id/eng/tab_sub/view.php?tabel=1&daftar=1&id_subyek=12¬ab=1 Population of Indonesia by Province 1971, 1980, 1990, 1995 , 2000 and 2010] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718192001/http://dds.bps.go.id/eng/tab_sub/view.php?tabel=1&daftar=1&id_subyek=12¬ab=1 |date=18 July 2011 }}". 2009. Accessed 29 March 2012.</ref> the world's fourth-most-populous country. The 2019 report by Chinese Ministry of Public Security gives the surnames [[Wang (surname)|Wang]] and [[Li (surname 李)|Li]] as the most common ones, with each shared by over 100 million people in China. Each of the most common 23 surnames in China has more than 10 million users.<ref name=gbtimes /> A commonly cited fact from the 1990 edition of the ''[[Guinness Book of World Records]]'' estimated that Zhang was the most common surname in the world,<ref>McFarlan, Donald. ''1990 Guinness Book of World Records''. Sterling Pub. Co., 2001. {{ISBN|189205101X}}.</ref> but no comprehensive information from China was available at the time and more recent editions have omitted the claim. ===Taiwan=== {{main|List of common Taiwanese surnames}} [[File:Taiwanese surnames by frequency.png|thumb|300px|Distribution of Taiwanese surnames{{colbegin}}{{legend|#3266cc|陳 Chen (11.06%)}} {{legend|#dc3812|林 Lin (8.28%)}} {{legend|#fe9900|黃 Huang (6.01%)}} {{legend|#109619|張 Chang (5.26%)}} {{legend|#990099|李 Lee (5.11%)}} {{legend|#0099c5|王 Wang (4.12%)}} {{legend|#dd4578|吳 Wu (4.04%)}} {{legend|#66aa00|劉 Liu (3.17%)}} {{legend|#b82e2e|蔡 Tsai (2.91%)}} {{legend|#316394|楊 Yang (2.66%)}} {{legend|#994499|Other (47.4%)}}{{colend}}]] Names in Taiwan{{spaced ndash}}both among the immigrant [[Han Chinese|ethnic Chinese]] and [[Naming customs of Taiwanese indigenous peoples|indigenous Taiwanese people]]{{spaced ndash}}are similar to those in southeast China but differ somewhat from the distribution of names among all Han Chinese. According to a comprehensive survey of residential permits released by the Taiwanese [[Ministry of the Interior (Taiwan)|Ministry of the Interior]]'s Department of Population in February 2005,<ref name="TaiRank">中华百家姓-千字文-国学经典-文化经典. "[http://wuyilaoren.blog.163.com/blog/static/165227073201058925589/ 中国台湾姓氏排行] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016145747/http://wuyilaoren.blog.163.com/blog/static/165227073201058925589/ |date=16 October 2013 }} [China (Taiwanese) Surname Ranking]." 8 June 2010. Accessed 31 March 2012. {{in lang|zh}}</ref> the ten most common surnames in Taiwan are [[Chen (surname)|Chen]] (陳), [[Lin (surname)|Lin]] (林), [[Huang (surname)|Huang]] (黃), [[Zhang (surname)|Chang or Zhang]] (張), [[Li (surname 李)|Lee or Li]] (李), [[Wang (surname)|Wang]] (王), [[Wu (surname)|Wu]] (吳), [[Liu (surname)|Liu]] (劉), [[Cai (surname)|Tsai]] (蔡), and [[Yang (surname)|Yang]] (楊). Taiwanese surnames include some local variants like [[Tu (surname)|Tu]] (塗), which do not even appear among the ''[[Hundred Family Surnames]]'', as well as a number of recently created names that are fusions of various conventional surnames like Changchien (張簡) and Chiangfan (姜范). However, names in Taiwan show less diversity than China as a whole: the top ten comprise 52.63% of the Taiwanese population and the top hundred 96.11%.<ref name="TaiRank"/> There were also only 1,989 surnames recorded by the Ministry's survey,<ref name="TaiRank"/> against China's four or five thousand. As is typical of China as a whole, these surnames conflate many different lineages and origins, although tradition may bind them to the same [[ancestral temple]]s and rituals or [[incest taboo|ban intermarriage]]. For example, some Taiwanese converts to [[Presbyterian Church in Taiwan|Presbyterianism]] adopted the name Kai (偕, [[pinyin]] ''Xié'') in honor of the Canadian missionary [[George Leslie Mackay]] (馬偕, [[Pe̍h-ōe-jī]] ''Má-kai'').{{citation needed|date=April 2012}}
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