Editing Chinese Indonesians (section)

== Origins ==

{{see also|Chinese emigration}}
Chinese immigrants to the Indonesian archipelago almost entirely originated from various ethnic groups especially the [[Tanka people]] of what are now the [[Fujian]] and [[Guangdong]] provinces in southern China, areas known for their regional diversity.{{sfn|Skinner|1963|p=101}} Nearly all Chinese Indonesians are either [[Patrilineality|patrilineal]] descendants of these early immigrants or new immigrants born in [[mainland China]].{{sfn|Skinner|1963|p=97}}

[[File:Chinese Indonesian origin distribution.png|thumb|right|220px|The distribution map of the origins of Chinese Indonesians. Majority of their ancestral are from [[Fujian]] or [[Guangdong]] province origins with small community from [[Hainan]] island, [[Guangxi]] and the rest are from other provinces in [[Northern China]].]]
The first group of Chinese people to settle in large numbers to escape the coastal ban were the most affected [[Tanka people|Tanka boat people]], other came in much smaller numbers, [[Teochews]] from [[Chaozhou]],<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g_KIDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA142|title=商道:中國式的經商哲學|page=142|isbn=9789866498756|author1=謝洪波作|date=April 2010|publisher=德威國際文化}}</ref> the [[Hakkas]] from Chengxiang county (now [[Meixian District|Meixian]]), Huizhou (pronounced Fuizhew in Hakka) and rural county of [[Dabu County|Dabu]] (pronounced Thaipo in Hakka), the [[Cantonese people|Cantonese]] from Guangdong and various different ethnic dialect groups who left the trading city ports of southern Fujian including the ethnic [[Tanka people|Tanka]], Hakkas, etc. Descendants of Hokkien Tanka are the dominant group in eastern Indonesia, [[Central Java|Central]] and [[East Java]] and the western coast of [[Sumatra]]. [[Teochew people|Teochews]], southern neighbors of the Hokkien, are found throughout the eastern coast of Sumatra, in the [[Riau Archipelago]], and in western Borneo. They were preferred as plantation laborers in Sumatra but have become traders in regions where the Hokkien are not well represented.{{sfn|Skinner|1963|p=102}}

From 1628 to 1740, there were more 100,000 Hakkas from Huizhou living in Batavia and Java island.<ref>[{{cite book| title=惠州华侨志|quote=惠州府有 10 万多人冒险南渡,有的流落到爪哇岛搭茅寮栖身,围以 坚固的寨棚,形成特殊的区域,开荒种植甘蔗;有的去到巴达维亚|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fDZ8AAAAIAAJ|page=24|date=1998}}]</ref>

The [[Hakka people|Hakka]], unlike the Hokkien and the Teochew, originate from the mountainous inland regions of Guangdong and do not have a maritime culture.{{sfn|Skinner|1963|p=102}} Owing to the unproductive terrain of their home region, the Hakka emigrated out of economic necessity in several waves from 1850 to 1930 and were the poorest of the Chinese immigrant groups. Although they initially populated the mining centers of western Borneo and [[Bangka Island]], Hakkas became attracted to the rapid growth of Batavia and [[West Java]] in the late 19th century.{{sfn|Skinner|1963|p=103}}

The Cantonese people, like the Hakka, were well known throughout Southeast Asia as mineworkers. Their migration in the 19th century was largely directed toward the [[tin]] mines of Bangka, off the east coast of Sumatra. Notable traditionally as skilled artisans, the Cantonese benefited from close contact with Europeans in Guangdong and Hong Kong by learning about machinery and industrial success. They migrated to Java about the same time as the Hakka but for different reasons. In Indonesia's cities, they became artisans, machine workers, and owners of small businesses such as restaurants and hotel-keeping services. The Cantonese are evenly dispersed throughout the archipelago and number far less than the Hokkien or the Hakka. Consequently, their roles are of secondary importance in the Chinese communities.{{sfn|Skinner|1963|p=103}}
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