Editing Chicken (section)

=== Eurasia ===

Chicken remains have been difficult to date, given the small and fragile bird bones; this may account for discrepancies in dates given by different sources. Archaeological evidence is supplemented by mentions in historical texts from the last few centuries BC, and by depictions in prehistoric artworks, such as across Central Asia.<ref name= Peters24>{{cite journal |last=Peters |first=Carli |others= et al. |title= Archaeological and molecular evidence for ancient chickens in Central Asia |journal= Nature Communications |volume=15 |issue=1 |date=April 2, 2024 |page=2697 |issn=2041-1723 |pmid=38565545 |pmc=10987595 |doi=10.1038/s41467-024-46093-2|bibcode=2024NatCo..15.2697P }}</ref> Chickens were widespread throughout southern Central Asia by the 4th century BC.<ref name= Peters24/>

Middle Eastern chicken remains go back to a little earlier than 2000&nbsp;BC in [[Syria (region)|Syria]].<ref name="CHOF">The Cambridge History of Food, 2000, [[Cambridge University Press]], Vol. 1, pp. 496–499</ref> Phoenicians spread chickens along the Mediterranean coasts as far as Iberia. During the [[Hellenistic period]] (4th–2nd centuries BC), in the southern [[Levant]], chickens began to be widely domesticated for food.<ref name= pmid26195775>{{cite journal |last1=Perry-Gal |first1=Lee |last2=Erlich |first2=Adi |last3=Gilboa |first3=Ayelet |last4=Bar-Oz |first4=Guy |date=August 11, 2015 |title=Earliest economic exploitation of chicken outside East Asia: Evidence from the Hellenistic Southern Levant |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=112 |issue=32 |pages=9849–9854 |bibcode=2015PNAS..112.9849P |doi=10.1073/pnas.1504236112 |pmc=4538678 |pmid=26195775 |doi-access=free}}</ref> The first pictures of chickens in Europe are found on [[Corinth, Greece|Corinthian]] [[pottery]] of the 7th century BC.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NrIapgM4LwQC&pg=PA176 |title=Regional Greek Cooking |first1=Dean |last1=Karayanis |first2=Catherine |last2=Karayanis |date=March 13, 2019 |publisher=[[Hippocrene Books]] |page=176 |access-date=March 13, 2019 |via=Google Books |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913141141/https://books.google.com/books?id=NrIapgM4LwQC&pg=PA176 |archive-date=September 13, 2016 |url-status=live |isbn=9780781811460}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xwq1lunLkuoC&pg=PA207 |title=Cooking with the Bible: Biblical Food, Feasts, and Lore |first1=Anthony F. |last1=Chiffolo |first2=Rayner W. |last2=Hesse |date=March 13, 2019 |publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group]] |page=207 |access-date=March 13, 2019 |via=Google Books |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913080305/https://books.google.com/books?id=Xwq1lunLkuoC&pg=PA207 |archive-date=September 13, 2016 |url-status=live |isbn=9780313334108}}</ref>

Breeding increased under the [[Roman Empire]] and reduced in the [[Middle Ages]].<ref name= CHOF/> [[DNA sequencing|Genetic sequencing]] of chicken bones from archaeological sites in Europe revealed that in the [[High Middle Ages]] chickens became less aggressive and began to lay eggs earlier in the breeding season.<ref name= brown>{{cite journal |last1=Brown |first1=Marley |title=Fast Food |journal=Archaeology |date=Sep–Oct 2017 |volume=70 |issue=5 |page=18 |url=https://www.archaeology.org/issues/269-1709/from-the-trenches/5820-trenches-europe-chicken-domestication |access-date=July 25, 2019 |issn=0003-8113 |archive-date=July 25, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190725160925/https://www.archaeology.org/issues/269-1709/from-the-trenches/5820-trenches-europe-chicken-domestication |url-status=live }}</ref>