Editing Chartism (section)

== Decline after 1848 ==
Chartism as an organized movement declined rapidly after 1848. Throughout the 1850s, pockets of strong support for Chartism could still be found in places such as the [[Black Country]],<ref name=Chase2007/>{{rp|312–347}}<ref>Keith Flett, ''Chartism after 1848'' (2006)</ref> but the final National Convention, held in 1858, was attended by only a handful of delegates.{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}

[[Robert George Gammage]], a veteran chartist and later historian of the movement, blamed Chartism's decline on O'Connor's egotism and vanity,<ref>R.G. Gammage, ''History of the Chartist movement'' (1854); J.T. Ward, ''Chartism'' (1973)</ref> but more recent historians (notably [[Dorothy Thompson (historian)|Dorothy Thompson]]) have tended to see the process as too complex to be attributed to the personality of a single individual.<ref name=Thompson1984/><ref>See also James Epstein, ''Lion of Freedom: Feargus O'Connor and the Chartist Movement'' (1982); Malcolm Chase, ''Chartism: A New History'' (2007); Paul Pickering, ''Feargus O'Connor: A Political Life'' (2008).</ref>

[[Ernest Charles Jones]] became a leading figure in the National Charter Association during its decline, together with [[George Julian Harney]], and helped to give the movement a clearer socialist direction.<ref>George Douglas Howard Cole: ''Ernest Jones'', in G. D. H. Cole: ''Chartist portraits'', Macmillan, London 1941</ref> Jones and Harney knew [[Karl Marx]]<ref>There are 52 letters from Jones to Marx between 1851 and 1868 kept.</ref> and [[Friedrich Engels]]<ref>There are eight letters from Jones to Engels between 1852 and 1867 kept.</ref> personally. Marx and Engels at the same time commented on the Chartist movement and Jones' work in their letters and articles.<ref>''Marx-Engels-Werke'', Berlin (DDR) 1960/61, vol. 8, 9, 10, 27.</ref><ref>Ingolf Neunübel: ''Zu einigen ausgewählten Fragen und Problemen der Zusammenarbeit von Marx und Engels mit dem Führer der revolutionären Chartisten, Ernest Jones, im Jahre 1854'', in Beiträge Zur Marx-Engels-Forschung 22. 1987, pp. 208–217.</ref>

In Kennington, the [[Brandon Estate]] featured<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lloyd |first=Tom |date=February 26, 2024 |title= Murals and Public Art on the Brandon &#124; BrandonTRA|url=https://brandontra.co.uk/murals-and-public-art-on-the-brandon/ }}</ref> a large mural by [[Tony Hollaway]], commissioned by [[London County Council]]'s [[Edward Hollamby]] in the early 1960s, commemorating the Chartists' meeting on 10 April 1848.<ref name="Pereira">{{cite news|last1=Pereira|first1=Dawn|title=Henry Moore and the Welfare State|url=http://www.tate.org.uk/art/research-publications/henry-moore/dawn-pereira-henry-moore-and-the-welfare-state-r1151315|access-date=2 October 2017|work=Henry Moore: Sculptural Process and Public Identity|publisher=Tate Research Publication|date=2015}}</ref>