Editing Charles Wheatstone (section)

=== Further work on telegraphs ===
From 1836 to 1837 Wheatstone had thought a good deal about submarine telegraphs, and in 1840 he gave evidence before the Railway Committee of the House of Commons on the feasibility of the proposed line from [[Dover]] to [[Calais]]. He had even designed the machinery for making and laying the cable. In the autumn of 1844, with the assistance of J. D. Llewellyn, he submerged a length of insulated wire in [[Swansea Bay]], and signalled through it from a boat to the [[Mumbles Lighthouse]]. Next year he suggested the use of [[gutta-percha]] for the coating of the intended wire across the [[English Channel]].

In 1840 Wheatstone had patented an alphabetical telegraph, or, 'Wheatstone A B C instrument,' which moved with a step-by-step motion, and showed the letters of the message upon a dial. The same principle was used in his type-printing telegraph, patented in 1841. This was the first apparatus which printed a telegram in type. It was worked by two circuits, and as the type revolved a hammer, actuated by the current, pressed the required letter on the paper.

The introduction of the telegraph had so far advanced that, on 2 September 1845, the [[Electric Telegraph Company]] was registered, and Wheatstone, by his deed of partnership with Cooke, received a sum of £33,000 for the use of their joint inventions.

In 1859 Wheatstone was appointed by the Board of Trade to report on the subject of the Atlantic cables, and in 1864 he was one of the experts who advised the [[Atlantic Telegraph Company]] on the construction of the successful lines of 1865 and 1866.

In 1870 the electric telegraph lines of the United Kingdom, worked by different companies, were transferred to the Post Office, and placed under Government control.

Wheatstone further invented the [[Wheatstone system|automatic transmitter]], in which the signals of the message are first punched out on a strip of paper ([[punched tape]]), which is then passed through the sending-key, and controls the signal currents. By substituting a mechanism for the hand in sending the message, he was able to telegraph about 100 words a minute, or five times the ordinary rate. In the Postal Telegraph service this apparatus is employed for sending Press telegrams, and it has recently been so much improved, that messages are now sent from London to Bristol at a speed of 600 words a minute, and even of 400 words a minute between London and Aberdeen. On the night of 8 April 1886, when [[William Gladstone|Gladstone]] introduced his [[Government of Ireland Bill 1886|Bill for Home Rule in Ireland]], no fewer than 1,500,000 words were dispatched from the central station at [[St. Martin's-le-Grand]] by 100 Wheatstone transmitters. The plan of sending messages by a running strip of paper which actuates the key was originally patented by [[Alexander Bain (inventor)|Alexander Bain]] in 1846; but Wheatstone, aided by Augustus Stroh, an accomplished mechanician, and an able experimenter, was the first to bring the idea into successful operation. This system is often referred to as the Wheatstone Perforator<ref>{{cite web|last1=Bemer|first1=Bob|title=How ASCII Got Its Backslash|url=http://www.bobbemer.com/BACSLASH.HTM|author-link=Bob Bemer|access-date=4 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121218064223/http://www.bobbemer.com/BACSLASH.HTM|archive-date=18 December 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> and is the forerunner of the stock market [[ticker tape]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Kleinschmidt – Our History |url=http://www.kleinschmidt.com/Company/history.htm |access-date=4 August 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140422051900/http://www.kleinschmidt.com/Company/history.htm |archive-date=22 April 2014 }}</ref>