Editing Charlemagne (section)

===Building the dynasty===
[[File:Couronnement de Louis Ier le Pieux.jpg|thumb|upright=.9|alt=Miniature from an illuminated manuscript|Adrian crowning Louis, as Charlemagne looks on]]
Charlemagne returned to Francia to greet his newborn twin sons, [[Louis the Pious|Louis]] and Lothair, who were born while he was in Spain;{{sfn|Nelson|2019|pp=168, 172}} Lothair died in infancy.{{sfn|Nelson|2019|p=181}} Again, Saxons had seized on the king's absence to raid. Charlemagne sent an army to Saxony in 779{{sfn|Nelson|2019|pp=172–173}} while he held assemblies, legislated, and addressed a famine in Francia.{{sfn|Nelson|2019|pp=175–179}} Hildegard gave birth to another daughter, [[Bertha, daughter of Charlemagne|Bertha]].{{sfn|Nelson|2019|p=181}} Charlemagne returned to Saxony in 780, holding assemblies at which he received hostages from Saxon nobles and oversaw their baptism.{{sfn|Nelson|2019|p=173}}

He and Hildegard travelled with their four younger children to Rome in the spring of 781, leaving Pepin and Charles at [[Worms, Germany|Worms]], to make a journey first requested by Adrian in 775.{{sfn|Nelson|2019|p=181}} Adrian baptised Carloman and renamed him Pepin, a name he shared with his half-brother.{{sfn|Nelson|2019|pp=182–186}} Louis and the newly renamed Pepin were then anointed and crowned. Pepin was appointed king of the Lombards, and Louis king of Aquitaine.{{sfn|Fried|2016|p=136}} This act was not nominal, since the young kings were sent to live in their kingdoms under the care of regents and advisers.{{sfn|Nelson|2019|p=186}} A delegation from the [[Byzantine Empire]], the remnant of the Roman Empire in the East, met Charlemagne during his stay in Rome; Charlemagne agreed to betroth his daughter Rotrude to [[Irene of Athens|Empress Irene]]'s son, Emperor [[Constantine VI]].{{sfn|Nelson|2019|p=191}}

Hildegard gave birth to her eighth child, [[Gisela, daughter of Charlemagne|Gisela]], during this trip to Italy.{{sfn|Nelson|2019|pp=182–183}} After the royal family's return to Francia, she had her final pregnancy and died from its complications on 30 April 783. The child, named after her, died shortly thereafter.{{sfn|Nelson|2019|p=203}} Charlemagne commissioned epitaphs for his wife and daughter, and arranged for a [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]] to be said daily at Hildegard's tomb.{{sfn|Nelson|2019|p=203}} Charlemagne's mother Bertrada died shortly after Hildegard, on 12 July 783.{{sfn|Nelson|2019|pp=204–205}} Charlemagne was remarried to [[Fastrada]], daughter of the East Frankish count Radolf, by the end of the year.{{sfn|Nelson|2019|p=205}}