Editing Cerebral arteriovenous malformation (section)

===Radiosurgical===

[[Radiosurgery]] has been widely used on small AVMs with considerable success.  The [[Gamma Knife]] is an apparatus used to precisely apply a controlled radiation dosage to the volume of the brain occupied by the AVM. While this treatment does not require an incision and craniotomy (with their own inherent risks), three or more years may pass before the complete effects are known, during which time patients are at risk of bleeding.<ref name="Mayo-Treatment" /> Complete obliteration of the AVM may or may not occur after several years, and repeat treatment may be needed. Radiosurgery is itself not without risk. In one large study, nine percent of patients had transient neurological symptoms, including headache, after radiosurgery for AVM. However, most symptoms resolved, and the long-term rate of neurological symptoms was 3.8%.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Flickinger|first=JC|journal=Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys|year=1998|volume=40|pages=273–278|pmid=9457809|doi=10.1016/S0360-3016(97)00718-9|title=Analysis of neurological sequelae from radiosurgery of arteriovenous malformations: How location affects outcome|issue=2|display-authors=etal}}</ref>