Editing Cemetery (section)

===Rural or garden===
[[File:Muslim cemetery. Kashgar.jpg|thumb|A Muslim cemetery in [[Kashgar]], Xinjiang, China.]]
[[File:Newport Cemetery.JPG|thumb|[[Common Burying Ground and Island Cemetery]] in [[Newport, Rhode Island]]]]
[[File:MD.BOUALAM photographer a muslim cemetery at sunset Marrakesh.jpg|thumb|A Muslim cemetery at sunset in [[Marrakech]], Morocco]]
[[File:Taiwan 2009 HuaLien City Roadside Cemetery FRD 8181.jpg|thumb|A roadside cemetery in [[Hualien City|Hualien]], Taiwan]]
[[Image:Grave stone2.JPG|thumb|A cemetery in [[Kyoto]], Japan]]
[[Image:Colonial era graves Pemaquid Cemetery, Pemaquid, Maine image 4.jpg|thumb|Two [[Colonial history of the United States|Colonial era]] graves in [[Pemaquid, Maine]]]]
[[Image:Khachkars.jpg|thumb|[[Noratus cemetery]], a medieval [[Armenia]]n cemetery with a large number of early [[khachkar]]s. The cemetery has the largest cluster of khachkars in the country.]]

{{Main|Rural cemetery}}
The rural cemetery or garden cemetery{{sfn|Keels|2003|page=21}} is a style of burial ground that uses landscaping in a park-like setting. It was conceived in 1711 by the [[United Kingdom|British]] [[architecture|architect]] Sir [[Christopher Wren]], who advocated the creation of landscaped burial grounds which featured well-planned walkways which gave extensive access to graves and planned plantings of trees, bushes, and flowers.<ref>{{cite journal|last=van Rensslaer|first=M. G.|journal=Sir Christopher Wren as Gardener|title=Garden and Forest|date=June 3, 1891|pages=254–255|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uBggAQAAMAAJ&q=Christopher+Wren+cemetery+rural+Yew+trees&pg=PA254}}</ref> Wren's idea was not immediately accepted. But by the early 1800s, existing churchyards were growing overcrowded and unhealthy, with graves stacked upon each other or emptied and reused for new burials.{{sfn|LeeDecker|2009|pages=145, 148}} As a reaction to this, the first "garden" cemetery&nbsp;– [[Père Lachaise Cemetery]] in [[Paris]]&nbsp;– opened in 1804.{{sfn|Thomas|2003|page=32}} Because these cemeteries were usually on the outskirts of town (where land was plentiful and cheap), they were called "[[rural cemetery|rural cemeteries]]", a term still used to describe them today.{{sfn|LeeDecker|2009|pages=145, 148}} The concept quickly spread across Europe.{{sfn|Mickey|2013|page=17}}

[[File:Merry Cemetery VP8.webm|thumb|[[Merry Cemetery]], Romania]]
Garden/rural cemeteries were not necessarily outside city limits. When land within a city could be found, the cemetery was enclosed with a wall to give it a garden-like quality. These cemeteries were often not sectarian, nor co-located with a house of worship. Inspired by the [[English landscape garden]] movement,{{sfn|Vercelloni|Vercelloni|2010|page=198}} they often looked like attractive parks. The first garden/rural cemetery in the United States was [[Mount Auburn Cemetery]] near [[Boston]], Massachusetts, founded by the Massachusetts Horticultural Society in 1831.{{sfn|Hodgson|2001|page=30}} Following the establishment of Mount Auburn, dozens of other "rural" cemeteries were established in the United States&nbsp;– perhaps in part because of Supreme Court Justice [[Joseph Story]]'s dedication address&nbsp;– and there were dozens of dedication addresses,<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://blurblawg.typepad.com/files/road-to-gettysburg-address.pdf|first=Alfred|last=Brophy|title=The Road to the Gettysburg Address|journal=Florida State University Law Review|volume=43|date=2016|pages=831–905|access-date=December 21, 2016|archive-date=November 24, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161124025412/http://blurblawg.typepad.com/files/road-to-gettysburg-address.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> including the famous [[Gettysburg Address]] of President Abraham Lincoln.

The cost of building a garden/rural cemetery often meant that only the wealthy could afford burial there.{{sfn|Harney|2014|page=102}} Subsequently, garden/rural cemeteries often feature above-ground monuments and memorials, [[mausoleum]]s, and [[Columbarium|columbaria]]. The excessive filling of rural/garden cemeteries with elaborate above-ground memorials, many of dubious artistic quality or taste, created a backlash which led to the development of the lawn cemetery.{{sfn|Mytum|2004|page=51}}

{{anchor|lawn cemetery}}