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=== Uralian orogeny === The [[Uralian orogeny]] is a north–south trending [[fold and thrust belt]] that forms the western edge of the [[Central Asian Orogenic Belt]].<ref name="Puchkov-2009">{{Cite journal |last=Puchkov |first=Victor N. |date=January 2009 |title=The evolution of the Uralian orogen |url=https://www.lyellcollection.org/doi/10.1144/SP327.9 |journal=Geological Society, London, Special Publications |language=en |volume=327 |issue=1 |pages=161–195 |doi=10.1144/SP327.9 |bibcode=2009GSLSP.327..161P |s2cid=129439058 |issn=0305-8719}}</ref> The Uralian orogeny began in the Late Devonian and continued, with some hiatuses, into the [[Jurassic]]. From the Late Devonian to early Carboniferous, the [[Magnitogorsk]] [[island arc]], which lay between Kazakhstania and Laurussia in the [[Ural Ocean]], collided with the [[passive margin]] of northeastern Laurussia ([[Baltica|Baltica craton]]). The [[Suture (geology)|suture zone]] between the former island arc complex and the continental margin formed the [[Main Uralian Fault]], a major structure that runs for more than 2,000 km along the orogen. [[Accretion (geology)|Accretion]] of the island arc was complete by the Tournaisian, but subduction of the Ural Ocean between Kazakhstania and Laurussia continued until the Bashkirian when the ocean finally closed and continental collision began.<ref name="Puchkov-2009" /> Significant strike-slip movement along this zone indicates the collision was oblique. Deformation continued into the Permian and during the late Carboniferous and Permian the region was extensively intruded by [[granite]]s.<ref name="Domeier-2014" /><ref name="Puchkov-2009" />
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