Editing Carbon dioxide (section)

==== Ventilation ====
[[File:CO2Mini monitor TFA Dostmann.jpg|thumb|A [[carbon dioxide sensor]] that measures {{CO2}} concentration using a [[nondispersive infrared sensor]]]]
Poor ventilation is one of the main causes of excessive {{CO2}} concentrations in closed spaces, leading to poor [[indoor air quality]]. Carbon dioxide differential above outdoor concentrations at steady state conditions (when the occupancy and ventilation system operation are sufficiently long that {{CO2}} concentration has stabilized) are sometimes used to estimate ventilation rates per person.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Standard Guide for Using Indoor Carbon Dioxide Concentrations to Evaluate Indoor Air Quality and Ventilation |url=https://www.astm.org/d6245-98.html |access-date=2024-06-12 |website=www.astm.org |language=en}}</ref> Higher {{CO2}} concentrations are associated with occupant health, comfort and performance degradation.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Allen JG, MacNaughton P, Satish U, Santanam S, Vallarino J, Spengler JD |date=June 2016 |title=Associations of Cognitive Function Scores with Carbon Dioxide, Ventilation, and Volatile Organic Compound Exposures in Office Workers: A Controlled Exposure Study of Green and Conventional Office Environments |journal=Environmental Health Perspectives |volume=124 |issue=6 |pages=805–812 |doi=10.1289/ehp.1510037 |pmc=4892924 |pmid=26502459|bibcode=2016EnvHP.124..805A }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=26 October 2015 |title=Exclusive: Elevated {{CO2}} Levels Directly Affect Human Cognition, New Harvard Study Shows |url=https://thinkprogress.org/exclusive-elevated-co2-levels-directly-affect-human-cognition-new-harvard-study-shows-2748e7378941/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191009092140/https://thinkprogress.org/exclusive-elevated-co2-levels-directly-affect-human-cognition-new-harvard-study-shows-2748e7378941/ |archive-date=9 October 2019 |access-date=14 October 2019 |website=ThinkProgress |vauthors=Romm J}}</ref> [[ASHRAE]] Standard 62.1–2007 ventilation rates may result in indoor concentrations up to 2,100&nbsp;ppm above ambient outdoor conditions. Thus if the outdoor concentration is 400&nbsp;ppm, indoor concentrations may reach 2,500&nbsp;ppm with ventilation rates that meet this industry consensus standard. Concentrations in poorly ventilated spaces can be found even higher than this (range of 3,000 or 4,000&nbsp;ppm).

Miners, who are particularly vulnerable to gas exposure due to insufficient ventilation, referred to mixtures of carbon dioxide and nitrogen as "[[blackdamp]]", "choke damp" or "stythe". Before more effective technologies were developed, [[miners]] would frequently monitor for dangerous levels of blackdamp and other gases in mine shafts by bringing a caged [[Domestic Canary|canary]] with them as they worked. The canary is more sensitive to asphyxiant gases than humans, and as it became unconscious would stop singing and fall off its perch. The [[Davy lamp]] could also detect high levels of blackdamp (which sinks, and collects near the floor) by burning less brightly, while [[methane]], another suffocating gas and explosion risk, would make the lamp burn more brightly.

In February 2020, three people died from suffocation at a party in Moscow when dry ice (frozen {{CO2}}) was added to a swimming pool to cool it down.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 February 2020 |title=Three die in dry-ice incident at Moscow pool party |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-51680049 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229151448/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-51680049 |archive-date=29 February 2020 |work=BBC News |quote=The victims were connected to Instagram influencer Yekaterina Didenko.}}</ref> A similar accident occurred in 2018 when a woman died from {{CO2}} fumes emanating from the large amount of dry ice she was transporting in her car.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2018 |title=A Woman Died from Dry Ice Fumes. Here's How It Can Happen |url=https://www.livescience.com/63241-dry-ice-death.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210522082215/https://www.livescience.com/63241-dry-ice-death.html |archive-date=22 May 2021 |access-date=2021-05-22 |website=Live Science |language=en |vauthors=Rettner R}}</ref>
{{clear}}