Editing Carabiner (section)

===Europe===
*Recreation: Carabiners sold for use in climbing in Europe must conform to standard EN 12275:1998 "Mountaineering equipment – Connectors – Safety requirements and test methods", which governs testing protocols, rated strengths, and markings. A breaking strength of at least 20 [[kilonewton|kN]] (20,000 newtons = approximately 2040 kilograms of force which is significantly more than the weight of a small car) with the gate closed and 7 [[kilonewton|kN]] with the gate open is the standard for most climbing applications, although requirements vary depending on the activity.<ref>{{cite web|title=EN12275 and UIAA-121 testing protocols|url=http://www.paci.com.au/Downloads/S-EN12275_simplified.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221010/http://www.paci.com.au/Downloads/S-EN12275_simplified.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-10 |url-status=live|publisher=Professional Association of Climbing Instructors|access-date=5 December 2017}}</ref> Carabiners are marked on the side with single letters showing their intended area of use, for example, K ([[via ferrata]]), B (base), and H (for belaying with an Italian or [[Munter hitch]]).
*Industry: Carabiners used for access in commercial and industrial environments within Europe must comply with EN 362:2004 "[[Personal protective equipment]] against falls from a height. Connectors." The minimum gate closed breaking strength of a carabiner conforming with EN 362:2004 is nominally the same as that of EN 12275:1998 at around 20 [[kilonewton|kN]]. Carabiners complying with both EN 12275:1998 and EN 362:2004 are available.