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== Taxonomy == The genus was named by [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]] after the Jesuit botanist [[Georg Joseph Kamel]], who worked in the Philippines and described one of its species (although Linnaeus did not refer to Kamel's account when discussing the genus).<ref name=Kroupa2015>{{cite journal |last=Kroupa |first=Sebestian |title=Ex epistulis Philippinensibus: Georg Joseph Kamel SJ (1661–1706) and His Correspondence Network |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/263970 |date=November 2015 |journal=Centaurus |volume=57 |issue=4 |pages=229–259 |issn=1600-0498 |doi=10.1111/1600-0498.12099 |doi-access=free }}</ref>{{rp|246, 255}} In 2022 the genus was separated into 7 sections based on phylogenetic study on 161 species.<ref name="z504">{{cite journal | title=Molecular phylogenetic relationships and taxonomy position of 161 Camellia species in China | journal=Taiwania | date=2022 | volume=67 | issue=4 | doi=10.6165/tai.2022.67.560 | page= | author1=Zhen PANG | author2=Yi-Ling WANG | author3=Nitin MANTRI | author4=Yang WANG | author5=Xue-Jun HUA | author6=Yan-Ping QUAN | author7=Xuan ZHOU | author8=Zheng-Dong JIANG | author9=Zhe-Chen QI | author10=Hong-Fei LU }}</ref> Further studies demonstrated that section ''Oleifera'' and ''Paracamellia'' should be merged into section ''Paracamellia''.<ref name="o956">{{cite journal | last1=Qin | first1=Sheng-Yuan | last2=Chen | first2=Kai | last3=Zhang | first3=Wen-Ju | last4=Xiang | first4=Xiao-Guo | last5=Zuo | first5=Zheng-Yu | last6=Guo | first6=Cen | last7=Zhao | first7=Yao | last8=Li | first8=Lin-Feng | last9=Wang | first9=Yu-Guo | last10=Song | first10=Zhi-Ping | last11=Yang | first11=Ji | last12=Yang | first12=Xiao-Qiang | last13=Zhang | first13=Jian | last14=Jin | first14=Wei-Tao | last15=Wen | first15=Qiang | last16=Zhao | first16=Song-Zi | last17=Chen | first17=Jia-Kuan | last18=Li | first18=De-Zhu | last19=Rong | first19=Jun | title=Phylogenomic insights into the reticulate evolution of Camellia sect. Paracamellia Sealy (Theaceae) | journal=Journal of Systematics and Evolution | volume=62 | issue=1 | date=2024 | issn=1674-4918 | doi=10.1111/jse.12948 | pages=38–54| bibcode=2024JSyEv..62...38Q }}</ref> The following sections are currently recognized: *[[Camellia sect. Camellia|Camellia]] *[[Camellia sect. Chrysantha|Chrysantha]] *[[Camellia sect. Longipedicellata|Longipedicellata]] *[[Camellia sect. Longissima|Longissima]] *[[Camellia sect. Paracamellia|Paracamellia]] *[[Camellia sect. Thea|Thea]] *[[Camellia sect. Tuberculata|Tuberculata]] === Species === [[File:Camellia fraterna 2006-05-03 020.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Camellia fraterna'']] [[File:MG 5457.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Flower buds of an unspecified camellia]] [[File:Camellia fruit.JPG|thumb|right|150px|Fruits of an unspecified camellia]] [[File:Camellia japonica MHNT.BOT.2010.13.3.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Camellia japonica'' - [[MHNT]]]] [[File:杜鵑葉山茶 Camellia azalea 20221123112737 02.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''[[Camellia azalea]]'']] [[File:金花茶 Camellia petelotii 20221114215806 03.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''[[Camellia petelotii]]'']] [[File:Camellia × williamsii 'Jury's Yellow'. 25-03-2024 (d.j.b.).jpg|thumb|right|150px|Flower bud.]] ''[[Plants of the World Online]]'' currently includes:<ref name="POWO">{{Cite web|url=http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:39017-1 |title=''Camellia'' L. |website=Plants of the World Online |date=2021 |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |access-date= 23 March 2021<!-- 1st access date frm page history -->}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=22em}} # ''[[Camellia albata]]'' <small>Orel & Curry</small> # ''[[Camellia amplexicaulis]]'' <small>(Pit.) Cohen-Stuart</small> # ''[[Camellia amplexifolia]]'' <small>Merr. & Chun</small> # ''[[Camellia anlungensis]]'' <small>Hung T.Chang</small> # ''[[Camellia assimiloides]]'' <small>Sealy</small> # ''[[Camellia aurea]]'' <small>Hung T.Chang</small> # ''[[Camellia azalea]]'' <small>C.F.Wei</small> # ''[[Camellia brevistyla]]'' <small>(Hayata) Cohen-Stuart</small> # ''[[Camellia bugiamapensis]]'' <small>Orel, Curry, Luu & Q.D.Nguyen</small> # ''[[Camellia campanulata]]'' <small>Orel, Curry & Luu</small> # ''[[Camellia candida]]'' <small>Hung T.Chang</small> # ''[[Camellia capitata]]'' <small>Orel, Curry & Luu</small> # ''[[Camellia cattienensis]]'' <small>Orel</small> # ''[[Camellia caudata]]'' <small>Wall.</small> # ''[[Camellia chekiangoleosa]]'' <small>Hu</small> # ''[[Camellia cherryana]]'' <small>Orel</small> # ''[[Camellia chinmeiae]]'' <small>S.L.Lee & T.Y.A.Yang</small> # ''[[Camellia chrysanthoides]]'' <small>Hung T.Chang</small> # ''[[Camellia concinna]]'' <small>Orel & Curry</small> # ''[[Camellia connata]]'' <small>(Craib) Craib</small> # ''[[Camellia corallina]]'' <small>(Gagnep.) Sealy</small> # ''[[Camellia cordifolia]]'' <small>(F.P.Metcalf) Nakai</small> # ''[[Camellia costata]]'' <small>S.Y.Hu & S.Y.Liang</small> # ''[[Camellia costei]]'' <small>H.Lév.</small> # ''[[Camellia crapnelliana]]'' <small>Tutcher</small> – Crapnell's camellia # ''[[Camellia crassicolumna]]'' <small>Hung T.Chang</small> # ''[[Camellia crassipes]]'' <small>Sealy</small> # ''[[Camellia crassiphylla]]'' <small>Ninh & Hakoda</small> # ''[[Camellia cuongiana]]'' <small>Orel & Curry</small> # ''[[Camellia cupiformis]]'' <small>T.L.Ming</small> # ''[[Camellia curryana]]'' <small>Orel & Luu</small> # ''[[Camellia cuspidata]]'' <small>(Kochs) Bean</small> # ''[[Camellia dalatensis]]'' <small>V.D.Luong, Ninh & Hakoda</small> # ''[[Camellia debaoensis]]'' <small>R.C.Hu & Y.Q.Liufu</small> # ''[[Camellia decora]]'' <small>Orel, Curry & Luu</small> # ''[[Camellia dilinhensis]]'' <small>Ninh & V.D.Luong</small> # ''[[Camellia dongnaicensis]]'' <small>Orel</small> # ''[[Camellia dormoyana]]'' <small>(Pierre ex Laness.) Sealy</small> # ''[[Camellia drupifera]]'' <small>Lour.</small> # ''[[Camellia duyana]]'' <small>Orel, Curry & Luu</small> # ''[[Camellia edithae]]'' <small>Hance</small> # ''[[Camellia elizabethae]]'' <small>Orel & Curry</small> # ''[[Camellia elongata]]'' <small>(Rehder & E.H.Wilson) Rehder</small> # ''[[Camellia erubescens]]'' <small>Orel & Curry</small> # ''[[Camellia euphlebia]]'' <small>Merr. ex Sealy</small> # ''[[Camellia euryoides]]'' <small>Lindl.</small> # ''[[Camellia fangchengensis]]'' <small>S.Ye Liang & Y.C.Zhong</small> # ''[[Camellia fansipanensis]]'' <small>J.M.H.Shaw, Wynn-Jones & V.D.Nguyen</small> # ''[[Camellia fascicularis]]'' <small>Hung T.Chang</small> # ''[[Camellia flava]]'' <small>(Pit.) Sealy</small> # ''[[Camellia flavida]]'' <small>Hung T.Chang</small> # ''[[Camellia fleuryi]]'' <small>(A.Chev.) Sealy</small> # ''[[Camellia fluviatilis]]'' <small>Hand.-Mazz.</small> # ''[[Camellia forrestii]]'' <small>(Diels) Cohen-Stuart</small> # ''[[Camellia fraterna]]'' <small>Hance</small> # ''[[Camellia furfuracea]]'' <small>(Merr.) Cohen-Stuart</small> # ''[[Camellia gaudichaudii]]'' <small>(Gagnep.) Sealy</small> # ''[[Camellia gilbertii]]'' <small>(A.Chev.) Sealy</small> # ''[[Camellia glabricostata]]'' <small>T.L.Ming</small> # ''[[Camellia gracilipes]]'' <small>Merr. ex Sealy</small> # ''[[Camellia grandibracteata]]'' <small>Hung T.Chang, Y.J.Tan, F.L.Yu & P.S.Wang</small> # ''[[Camellia granthamiana]]'' <small>Sealy</small> – Grantham's camellia # ''[[Camellia grijsii]]'' <small>Hance</small> # ''[[Camellia gymnogyna]]'' <small>Hung T.Chang</small> # ''[[Camellia harlandii]]'' <small>Orel & Curry</small> # ''[[Camellia hatinhensis]]'' <small>V.D.Luong, Ninh & L.T.Nguyen</small> # ''[[Camellia hekouensis]]'' <small>C.J.Wang & G.S.Fan</small> # ''[[Camellia hiemalis]]'' <small>Nakai</small> # ''[[Camellia honbaensis]]'' <small>Luu, Q.D.Nguyen & G.Tran</small> # ''[[Camellia hongiaoensis]]'' <small>Orel & Curry</small> # ''[[Camellia hongkongensis]]'' <small>Seem.</small> # ''[[Camellia hsinpeiensis]]'' <small>S.S.Ying</small> # ''[[Camellia huana]]'' <small>T.L.Ming & W.J.Zhang</small> # ''[[Camellia ilicifolia]]'' <small>Y.K.Li</small> # ''[[Camellia impressinervis]]'' <small>Hung T.Chang & S.Ye Liang</small> # ''[[Camellia indochinensis]]'' <small>Merr.</small> # ''[[Camellia ingens]]'' <small>Orel & Curry</small> # ''[[Camellia insularis]]'' <small>Orel & Curry</small> # ''[[Camellia × intermedia]]'' <small>(Tuyama) Nagam.</small> # ''[[Camellia inusitata]]'' <small>Orel, Curry & Luu</small> # ''[[Camellia japonica]]'' <small>L.</small> – East Asian camellia<br />synonym ''[[Camellia rusticana]]'' – snow camellia # ''[[Camellia kissii]]'' <small>Wall.</small> # ''[[Camellia krempfii]]'' <small>(Gagnep.) Sealy</small> # ''[[Camellia kwangsiensis]]'' <small>Hung T.Chang</small> # ''[[Camellia lanceolata]]'' <small>(Blume) Seem.</small> # ''[[Camellia langbianensis]]'' <small>(Gagnep.) P.H.Hô</small> # ''[[Camellia laotica]]'' <small>(Gagnep.) T.L.Ming</small> # ''[[Camellia lawii]]'' <small>Sealy</small> # ''[[Camellia leptophylla]]'' <small>S.Ye Liang ex Hung T.Chang</small> # ''[[Camellia ligustrina]]'' <small>Orel, Curry & Luu</small> # ''[[Camellia longicalyx]]'' <small>Hung T.Chang</small> # ''[[Camellia longii]]'' <small>Orel & Luu</small> # ''[[Camellia longipedicellata]]'' <small>(Hu) Hung T.Chang & D.Fang</small> # ''[[Camellia longissima]]'' <small>Hung T.Chang & S.Ye Liang</small> # ''[[Camellia lucii]]'' <small>Orel & Curry</small> # ''[[Camellia lutchuensis]]'' <small>T.Itô</small> # ''[[Camellia luteocerata]]'' <small>Orel</small> # ''[[Camellia luteoflora]]'' <small>Y.K.Li ex Hung T.Chang & F.A.Zeng</small> # ''[[Camellia luteopallida]]'' <small>V.D.Luong, T.Q.T.Nguyen & Luu</small> # ''[[Camellia luuana]]'' <small>Orel & Curry</small> # ''[[Camellia maiana]]'' <small>Orel</small> # ''[[Camellia mairei]]'' <small>(H.Lév.) Melch.</small> # ''[[Camellia maoniushanensis]]'' <small>J.L.Liu & Q.Luo</small> # ''[[Camellia megasepala]]'' <small>Hung T.Chang & Trin Ninh</small> # ''[[Camellia melliana]]'' <small>Hand.-Mazz.</small> # ''[[Camellia micrantha]]'' <small>S.Ye Liang & Y.C.Zhong</small> # ''[[Camellia mileensis]]'' <small>T.L.Ming</small> # ''[[Camellia mingii]]'' <small>S.X.Yang</small> # ''[[Camellia minima]]'' <small>Orel & Curry</small> # ''[[Camellia mollis]]'' <small>Hung T.Chang & S.X.Ren</small> # ''[[Camellia montana]]'' <small>(Blanco) Hung T.Chang & S.X.Ren</small> # ''[[Camellia murauchii]]'' <small>Ninh & Hakoda</small> # ''[[Camellia namkadingensis]]'' <small>Soulad. & Tagane</small> # ''[[Camellia nematodea]]'' <small>(Gagnep.) Sealy</small> # ''[[Camellia nervosa]]'' <small>(Gagnep.) Hung T.Chang</small> # ''[[Camellia oconoriana]]'' <small>Orel, Curry & Luu</small> # ''[[Camellia oleifera]]'' <small>C.Abel</small> – oil-seed camellia, tea oil camellia # ''[[Camellia pachyandra]]'' <small>Hu</small> # ''[[Camellia parviflora]]'' <small>Merr. & Chun ex Sealy</small> # ''[[Camellia parvimuricata]]'' <small>Hung T.Chang</small> # ''[[Camellia paucipunctata]]'' <small>(Merr. & Chun) Chun</small> # ''[[Camellia petelotii]]'' <small>(Merr.) Sealy</small> '''synonyms:'''<br />''C. chrysantha'', ''[[Camellia nitidissima|C. nitidissima]]'' – yellow camellia # ''[[Camellia philippinensis]]'' <small>Hung T.Chang & S.X.Ren</small> # ''[[Camellia pilosperma]]'' <small>S.Yun Liang</small> # ''[[Camellia pingguoensis]]'' <small>D.Fang</small> # ''[[Camellia piquetiana]]'' <small>(Pierre) Sealy</small> # ''[[Camellia pitardii]]'' <small>Cohen-Stuart</small> # ''[[Camellia pleurocarpa]]'' <small>(Gagnep.) Sealy</small> # ''[[Camellia polyodonta]]'' <small>F.C.How ex Hu</small> # ''[[Camellia psilocarpa]]'' <small>X.G.Shi & C.X.Ye</small> # ''[[Camellia ptilophylla]]'' <small>Hung T.Chang</small> # ''[[Camellia pubicosta]]'' <small>Merr.</small> # ''[[Camellia pubifurfuracea]]'' <small>Y.C.Zhong</small> # ''[[Camellia pubipetala]]'' <small>Y.Wan & S.Z.Huang</small> # ''[[Camellia pukhangensis]]'' <small>N.D.Do, V.D.Luong, S.T.Hoang & T.H.Lê</small> # ''[[Camellia punctata]]'' <small>(Kochs) Cohen-Stuart</small> # ''[[Camellia pyriparva]]'' <small>Orel & Curry</small> # ''[[Camellia pyxidiacea]]'' <small>Z.R.Xu, F.P.Chen & C.Y.Deng</small> # ''[[Camellia quangcuongii]]'' <small>L.V.Dung, S.T. Hoang & Nhan</small> # ''[[Camellia reflexa]]'' <small>Orel & Curry</small> # ''[[Camellia renshanxiangiae]]'' <small>C.X.Ye & X.Q.Zheng</small> # ''[[Camellia reticulata]]'' <small>Lindl.</small> # ''[[Camellia rhytidocarpa]]'' <small>Hung T.Chang & S.Ye Liang</small> # ''[[Camellia rosacea]]'' <small>Tagane, Soulad. & Yahara</small> # ''[[Camellia rosiflora]]'' <small>Hook.</small> # ''[[Camellia rosmannii]]'' <small>Ninh</small> # ''[[Camellia rosthorniana]]'' <small>Hand.-Mazz.</small> # ''[[Camellia rubriflora]]'' <small>Ninh & Hakoda</small> # ''[[Camellia salicifolia]]'' <small>Champ.</small> # ''[[Camellia saluenensis]]'' <small>Stapf ex Bean</small> # ''[[Camellia sasanqua]]'' <small>Thunb.</small> # ''[[Camellia scabrosa]]'' <small>Orel & Curry</small> # ''[[Camellia sealyana]]'' <small>T.L.Ming</small> # ''[[Camellia semiserrata]]'' <small>C.W.Chi</small> # ''[[Camellia septempetala]]'' <small>Hung T.Chang & L.L.Qi</small> # ''[[Camellia siangensis]]'' <small>T.K.Paul & M.P.Nayar</small> # ''[[Camellia sinensis]]'' <small>(L.) Kuntze</small> – tea plant # ''[[Camellia sonthaiensis]]'' <small>Luu, V.D.Luong, Q.D.Nguyen & T.Q.T.Nguyen</small> # ''[[Camellia stuartiana]]'' <small>Sealy</small> # ''[[Camellia subintegra]]'' <small>P.C.Huang</small> # ''[[Camellia synaptica]]'' <small>Sealy</small> # ''[[Camellia szechuanensis]]'' <small>C.W.Chi</small> # ''[[Camellia szemaoensis]]'' <small>Hung T.Chang</small> # ''[[Camellia tachangensis]]'' <small>F.S.Zhang</small> # ''[[Camellia tadungensis]]'' <small>Orel, Curry & Luu</small> # ''[[Camellia taliensis]]'' <small>(W.W.Sm.) Melch.</small> – also used to make tea like ''C. sinensis'' # ''[[Camellia tenii]]'' <small>Sealy</small> # ''[[Camellia thailandica]]'' <small>Hung T.Chang & S.X.Ren</small> # ''[[Camellia thanxaensa]]'' <small>Hakoda & Kirino</small> # ''[[Camellia tienyenensis]]'' <small>Orel & Curry</small> # ''[[Camellia tomentosa]]'' <small>Orel & Curry</small> # ''[[Camellia tonkinensis]]'' <small>(Pit.) Cohen-Stuart</small> # ''[[Camellia transarisanensis]]'' <small>(Hayata) Cohen-Stuart</small> # ''[[Camellia trichoclada]]'' <small>(Rehder) S.S.Chien</small> # ''[[Camellia tsaii]]'' <small>Hu</small> # ''[[Camellia tsingpienensis]]'' <small>Hu</small> # ''[[Camellia tuberculata]]'' <small>S.S.Chien</small> # ''[[Camellia tuyenquangensis]]'' <small>V.D.Luong, Le & Ninh</small> # ''[[Camellia uraku]]'' <small>Kitam.</small> # ''[[Camellia villicarpa]]'' <small>S.S.Chien</small> # ''[[Camellia viridicalyx]]'' <small>Hung T.Chang & S.Ye Liang</small> # ''[[Camellia viscosa]]'' <small>Orel & Curry</small> # ''[[Camellia vuquangensis]]'' <small>V.D.Luong, Ninh & L.T.Nguyen</small> # ''[[Camellia wardii]]'' <small>Kobuski</small> # ''[[Camellia xanthochroma]]'' <small>K.M.Feng & L.S.Xie</small> # ''[[Camellia yokdonensis]]'' <small>Dung bis & Hakoda</small> # ''[[Camellia yunkiangica]]'' <small>Hung T.Chang, H.S.Wang & B.H.Chen</small> # ''[[Camellia yunnanensis]]'' <small>(Pit. ex Diels) Cohen-Stuart</small> {{div col end}} === Fossil record === The earliest [[fossil]] record of ''Camellia'' are the leaves of †''C. abensis'' from the upper [[Eocene]] of [[Japan]], †''C. abchasica'' from the lower [[Oligocene]] of [[Bulgaria]] and †''C. multiforma'' from the lower [[Oligocene]] of [[Washington (state)|Washington]], [[United States]].<ref>Journal of Plant Research, September 2016, Volume 129, Issue 5, pp 823–831, Camellia nanningensis sp. nov.: the earliest fossil wood record of the genus Camellia (Theaceae) from East Asia by Lu-Liang Huang, Jian-Hua Jin, Cheng Quan and Alexei A.</ref>
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