Editing CITES (section)

===Exemptions and special procedures===
Under Article VII, the Convention allows for certain exceptions to the general trade requirements described above.

====Pre-Convention specimens====
CITES provides for a special process for specimens that were acquired before the provisions of the Convention applied to that specimen. These are known as "pre-Convention" specimens and must be granted a CITES pre-Convention certificate before the trade occurs. Only specimens legally acquired before the date on which the species concerned was first included in the Appendices qualify for this exemption.<ref>{{cite web |title=CITES Resolution 13.6 |url=https://cites.org/sites/default/files/document/E-Res-13-06-R18.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101224314/https://cites.org/sites/default/files/document/E-Res-13-06-R18.pdf |archive-date=2020-11-01 |url-status=live |website=CITES.org |access-date=7 August 2022}}</ref>

====Personal and household effects====
CITES provides that the standard permit/certificate requirements for trade in CITES specimens do not generally apply if a specimen is a personal or household effect.<ref>{{cite web |title=Article VII |url=https://cites.org/eng/disc/text.php#VII |website=CITES.org |access-date=7 August 2022}}</ref> However, there are a number of situations where permits/certificates for personal or household effects are required and some countries choose to take stricter domestic measures by requiring permits/certificates for some or all personal or household effects.<ref name="Strict"/>

====Captive bred or artificially propagated specimens====
CITES allows trade in specimens to follow special procedures if Management Authorities are satisfied that they are sourced from [[Captive breeding|captive bred]] animals or [[Plant propagation|artificially propagated]] plants.<ref>{{cite web |title=CITES Article VII |url=https://cites.org/eng/disc/text.php#VII |website=CITES.org |access-date=14 August 2022}}</ref> 
In the case of commercial trade of Appendix I taxa, captive bred or artificially propagated specimens may be traded as if they were Appendix II. This reduces the permit requirements from two permits (import/export) to one (export only). 
In the case of non-commercial trade, specimens may be traded with a certificate of captive breeding/artificial propagation issued by the Management Authority of the state of export in lieu of standard permits.

====Scientific exchange====
Standard CITES permit and certificates are not required for the non-commercial loan, donation or exchange between [[Research institute|scientific]] or [[Wildlife forensic science|forensic institutions]] that have been registered by a Management Authority of their State. Consignments containing the specimens must carry a label issued or approved by that Management Authority (in some cases Customs Declaration labels may be used). Specimens that may be included under this provision include museum, herbarium, diagnostic and forensic research specimens.<ref>{{cite web |title=CITES Resolution Conf.11.15 |url=https://cites.org/sites/default/files/documents/E-Res-11-15-R18.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802065940/https://cites.org/sites/default/files/documents/E-Res-11-15-R18.pdf |archive-date=2021-08-02 |url-status=live |website=CITES.org |access-date=18 August 2022}}</ref> Registered institutions are listed on the CITES website.<ref>{{cite web |title=Register of scientific institutions |url=https://cites.org/eng/common/reg/e_si.html |website=CITES.org |access-date=18 August 2022}}</ref>