Editing Bozeman, Montana (section)

==Geography==

Bozeman is located at an elevation of {{convert|4820|ft|m|-1|sp=us}}.<ref>{{cite gnis |id=769173 |name=Bozeman, Montana }}</ref> The [[Bridger Mountains (Montana)|Bridger Mountains]] are to the north-northeast, the [[Tobacco Root Mountains]] to the west-southwest, the [[Big Belt Mountains]] and [[Horseshoe Hills]] to the northwest, the Hyalite Peaks of the northern [[Gallatin Range]] to the south and the Spanish Peaks of the northern [[Madison Range]] to the south-southwest. Bozeman is east of the [[Continental Divide of the Americas|continental divide]], and [[Interstate 90 in Montana|Interstate 90]] passes through the city. It is {{convert|84|mi|km}} east of [[Butte, Montana|Butte]], {{convert|125|mi|km}} west of [[Billings, Montana|Billings]], and {{convert|93|mi|km}} north of [[Yellowstone National Park]].

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|19.15|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, of which {{convert|19.12|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is land and {{convert|0.03|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is water.<ref name="Gazetteer files">{{cite web |title=US Gazetteer files 2010 |url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=December 18, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112090031/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |archive-date=January 12, 2012 }}</ref>

===Climate===
Bozeman experiences a [[humid continental climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''Dfb'') as it is located in a more humid microclimate setting. Bozeman and the surrounding area receive significantly higher rainfall than much of the central and eastern parts of the state, up to {{convert|24|in|mm|-1}} of precipitation annually vis-à-vis the {{convert|8|to|12|in|mm|-1}} common throughout much of Montana east of the Continental Divide.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ortho.ftw.nrcs.usda.gov/osd/dat/B/BOZEMAN.html |title=Bozeman Series |publisher=National Cooperative Soil Survey |access-date=January 10, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101014070113/http://ortho.ftw.nrcs.usda.gov/osd/dat/B/BOZEMAN.html |archive-date=October 14, 2010 }}</ref> Combined with fertile soils, this means plant growth is relatively lush. This undoubtedly contributed to the Gallatin Valley's early nickname as the "Valley of the Flowers," as well as the establishment of Montana State University, the state's agricultural college, in the city.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.montana.edu/msuhistory/ |title=Montana State University History |publisher=Montana State University |access-date=January 10, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605124215/http://www.montana.edu/msuhistory/ |archive-date=June 5, 2011 }}</ref> Bozeman has cold, snowy winters and relatively warm summers, though due to high elevation, temperature changes from day to night can be significant. The highest temperature ever recorded in Bozeman was {{convert|105|F|C|1}} on July 31, 1892. The lowest recorded temperature, {{convert|-46|F|C|1}}, occurred in 1957 and also 1983.<ref name=NOWData/>

Unlike most of the country, Bozeman has actually become cooler with the new 1991–2020 normals. Average highs dropped by {{convert|1.7|F-change}}, especially in spring and summer. It has also gotten wetter and snowier.{{citation needed|date=September 2022}}

In 2019, Bozeman experienced unusually warm and dry temperatures during the month of December. Montana State University campus reported a daily average of {{convert|0.2|in|mm|1}} of precipitation for the month, some of the lowest numbers seen in over 120 years. Montana State University also recorded just over {{convert|3|in|mm|1}} of snowfall during December, the second lowest snowfall ever recorded. Additionally, maximum temperatures were {{convert|2|F-change|0}} warmer and lowest temperatures were {{convert|6|F-change|0}} above typical standards in previous Decembers.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ainsworth |first1=Greg |title=Warm, dry December caps unusually cool, wet 2019 |url=https://www.bozemandailychronicle.com/opinions/chronicle_columnists/greg_ainsworth/warm-dry-december-caps-unusually-cool-wet-2019/article_e8bd2172-97b0-57fc-b579-196278573eb2.html |website=Bozeman Daily Chronicle |date=January 7, 2020 |language=en |access-date=December 3, 2020 |archive-date=May 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526201731/https://www.bozemandailychronicle.com/opinions/chronicle_columnists/greg_ainsworth/warm-dry-december-caps-unusually-cool-wet-2019/article_e8bd2172-97b0-57fc-b579-196278573eb2.html |url-status=live }}</ref> December 2023 has also been unusually warm and dry, in line with the country as a whole.

{{Weather box
| location = Bozeman, Montana ([[Montana State University]]), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1892–present
| single line = Y
| collapsed = yes
| Jan record high F = 65
| Feb record high F = 64
| Mar record high F = 75
| Apr record high F = 83
| May record high F = 91
| Jun record high F = 96
| Jul record high F = 105
| Aug record high F = 100
| Sep record high F = 99
| Oct record high F = 88
| Nov record high F = 73
| Dec record high F = 64
| year record high F = 
| Jan avg record high F = 51.6
| Feb avg record high F = 54.0
| Mar avg record high F = 63.7
| Apr avg record high F = 74.0
| May avg record high F = 79.8
| Jun avg record high F = 87.8
| Jul avg record high F = 93.2
| Aug avg record high F = 92.6
| Sep avg record high F = 87.7
| Oct avg record high F = 77.3
| Nov avg record high F = 62.4
| Dec avg record high F = 51.8
| year avg record high F = 94.8
| Jan high F = 34.2
| Feb high F = 36.8
| Mar high F = 46.1
| Apr high F = 54.5
| May high F = 63.2
| Jun high F = 71.7
| Jul high F = 82.1
| Aug high F = 81.3
| Sep high F = 71.4
| Oct high F = 57.3
| Nov high F = 42.3
| Dec high F = 33.3
| year high F = 
| Jan mean F = 24.6
| Feb mean F = 26.7
| Mar mean F = 35.0
| Apr mean F = 42.5
| May mean F = 51.0
| Jun mean F = 58.6
| Jul mean F = 66.9
| Aug mean F = 65.6
| Sep mean F = 56.9
| Oct mean F = 44.9
| Nov mean F = 32.3
| Dec mean F = 23.9
| year mean F = 
| Jan low F = 15.1
| Feb low F = 16.6
| Mar low F = 23.9
| Apr low F = 30.5
| May low F = 38.8
| Jun low F = 45.6
| Jul low F = 51.7
| Aug low F = 50.0
| Sep low F = 42.4
| Oct low F = 32.4
| Nov low F = 22.2
| Dec low F = 14.5
| year low F = 
| Jan avg record low F = -10.3
| Feb avg record low F = -5.9
| Mar avg record low F = 3.0
| Apr avg record low F = 16.1
| May avg record low F = 26.3
| Jun avg record low F = 33.2
| Jul avg record low F = 41.6
| Aug avg record low F = 38.9
| Sep avg record low F = 29.5
| Oct avg record low F = 13.9
| Nov avg record low F = -0.4
| Dec avg record low F = -9.0
| year avg record low F = -18.7
| Jan record low F = -45
| Feb record low F = -43
| Mar record low F = -29
| Apr record low F = -10
| May record low F = 16
| Jun record low F = 26
| Jul record low F = 32
| Aug record low F = 26
| Sep record low F = 12
| Oct record low F = -10
| Nov record low F = -26
| Dec record low F = -46
| year record low F = 
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation inch = 0.86
| Feb precipitation inch = 0.83
| Mar precipitation inch = 1.42
| Apr precipitation inch = 2.51
| May precipitation inch = 2.93
| Jun precipitation inch = 3.27
| Jul precipitation inch = 1.33
| Aug precipitation inch = 1.32
| Sep precipitation inch = 1.44
| Oct precipitation inch = 1.84
| Nov precipitation inch = 1.25
| Dec precipitation inch = 1.03
| year precipitation inch = 
| Jul snow inch = 0.0
| Aug snow inch = 0.1
| Sep snow inch = 0.4
| Oct snow inch = 6.0
| Nov snow inch = 12.5
| Dec snow inch = 16.2
| Jan snow inch = 12.7
| Feb snow inch = 13.0
| Mar snow inch = 13.1
| Apr snow inch = 12.9
| May snow inch = 3.6
| Jun snow inch = 0.8
| year snow inch = 
| unit precipitation days = 0.01 in.
| Jan precipitation days = 10.7
| Feb precipitation days = 9.5
| Mar precipitation days = 11.8
| Apr precipitation days = 13.7
| May precipitation days = 15.4
| Jun precipitation days = 15.3
| Jul precipitation days = 10.1
| Aug precipitation days = 10.1
| Sep precipitation days = 9.0
| Oct precipitation days = 11.0
| Nov precipitation days = 10.2
| Dec precipitation days = 11.0
| year precipitation days = 
| unit snow days = 0.1 in.
| Jul snow days = 0.0
| Aug snow days = 0.0
| Sep snow days = 0.2
| Oct snow days = 3.0
| Nov snow days = 7.1
| Dec snow days = 9.4
| Jan snow days = 9.2
| Feb snow days = 8.4
| Mar snow days = 8.4
| Apr snow days = 6.7
| May snow days = 1.5
| Jun snow days = 0.2
| year snow days = 
| source 1 = NOAA<ref name=NOAA>
{{cite web |url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&stations=USC00241044&format=pdf&dataTypes=MLY-TMAX-NORMAL,MLY-TMIN-NORMAL,MLY-TAVG-NORMAL,MLY-PRCP-NORMAL,MLY-SNOW-NORMAL |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |title=U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access |access-date=August 19, 2022}}
</ref>
| source 2 = National Weather Service<ref name = NOWData>{{cite web |url=https://www.weather.gov/wrh/climate?wfo=tfx |publisher=National Weather Service |title=NOAA Online Weather Data |access-date=August 19, 2022 |archive-date=May 30, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530020343/https://www.weather.gov/wrh/Climate?wfo=tfx |url-status=live }}</ref>
| source = 
}}