Editing Blasphemy (section)

====Disputation of Paris====

During the [[Middle Ages]] a series of debates on [[Judaism]] were staged by the [[Catholic Church]], including the [[Disputation of Paris]] (1240), the [[Disputation of Barcelona]] (1263), and [[Disputation of Tortosa]] (1413–14), and during those disputations, Jewish converts to Christianity, such as [[Nicholas Donin]] (in Paris) and [[Pablo Christiani]] (in Barcelona) claimed the Talmud contained insulting references to Jesus.<ref>Carroll, James, Constantine's sword: the church and the Jews : a history, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2002</ref><ref>Seidman, Naomi, Faithful renderings: Jewish-Christian difference and the politics of translation, University of Chicago Press, 2006 p. 137</ref><ref>Cohn-Sherbok, Dan, Judaism and other faiths, Palgrave Macmillan, 1994, p. 48</ref>

The [[Disputation of Paris]], also known as the Trial of the Talmud, took place in 1240 at the court of the reigning king of France, [[Louis IX of France|Louis IX]] (St. Louis). It followed the work of [[Nicholas Donin]], a Jewish convert to [[Christianity]], who translated the [[Talmud]] and pressed 35 charges against it to [[Pope Gregory IX]] by quoting a series of alleged blasphemous passages about [[Jesus]], [[Mary (mother of Jesus)|Mary]] or Christianity.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rZGx-bS3vcgC&pg=PA137|title=Faithful Renderings: Jewish-Christian Difference and the Politics of Translation|first=Naomi|last=Seidman|date=2010|publisher=University of Chicago Press|via=Google Books|pages=136–138|isbn=978-0-226-74507-7 }}</ref> Four [[rabbis]] defended the Talmud against Donin's accusations. A commission of Christian theologians condemned the Talmud to be burned and on 17 June 1244, twenty-four carriage loads of Jewish religious manuscripts were [[Book burning|set on fire]] in the streets of Paris.<ref>{{cite book|title=The history of the Talmud, from the time of its formation, about 200 B.C.|first=Michael Levi|last=Rodkinson|pages= 66–75|year= 1918|publisher=Talmud Society}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Judaism on Trial: Jewish-Christian Disputations in the Middle Ages|url=https://archive.org/details/judaismontrialje00macc|url-access=registration|first=Hyam |last=Maccoby|year= 1982|publisher=Associated University Presses|isbn=978-0-8386-3053-2}}</ref> The translation of the Talmud from [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] to non-Jewish languages stripped Jewish discourse from its covering, something that was resented by Jews as a profound violation.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=rZGx-bS3vcgC&dq=disputation+of+paris&pg=PA137 Naomi Seidman, ''Faithful Renderings: Jewish-Christian Difference and the Politics of Translation'', pp. 136–138]</ref>

Between 1239 and 1775, the Roman Catholic Church at various times either forced the censoring of parts of the Talmud that it considered theologically problematic or the destruction of copies of the Talmud.<ref name="expunged">{{cite book |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=bunHURgi7FcC&q=talmud+censorship&pg=PA110| title = Encyclopedia of Censorship |author=Jonathon Green |author2=Nicholas J. Karolides|publisher = Infobase Publishing| page = 110 |year = 2009| isbn = 978-1-4381-1001-1| access-date= 13 February 2014}}</ref> During the inquisition, sects deemed heretical such as the [[Waldensians]] were also charged with blasphemy.<ref name="Napier 2017 p. 60">{{cite book | last=Napier | first=G. | title=Maleficium: Witchcraft and Witch Hunting in the West | publisher=Amberley Publishing | year=2017 | isbn=978-1-4456-6511-5 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H2AuDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT60 | access-date=2023-05-09 | page=60}}</ref>