Editing Bioinformatics (section)

===Comparative genomics===
{{main|Comparative genomics}}

The core of comparative genome analysis is the establishment of the correspondence between [[genes]] ([[Homology (biology)#Orthology|orthology]] analysis) or other genomic features in different organisms. Intergenomic maps are made to trace the evolutionary processes responsible for the divergence of two genomes. A multitude of evolutionary events acting at various organizational levels shape genome evolution. At the lowest level, point mutations affect individual nucleotides. At a higher level, large chromosomal segments undergo duplication, lateral transfer, inversion, transposition, deletion and insertion.<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Brown TA |title=Genomes |date=2002 |publisher=Oxford |location=Manchester (UK) |edition=2nd |chapter=Mutation, Repair and Recombination}}</ref> Entire genomes are involved in processes of hybridization, polyploidization and [[endosymbiosis]] that lead to rapid speciation. The complexity of genome evolution poses many exciting challenges to developers of mathematical models and algorithms, who have recourse to a spectrum of algorithmic, statistical and mathematical techniques, ranging from exact, [[heuristics]], fixed parameter and [[approximation algorithms]] for problems based on parsimony models to [[Markov chain Monte Carlo]] algorithms for [[Bayesian analysis]] of problems based on probabilistic models.

Many of these studies are based on the detection of [[sequence homology]] to assign sequences to [[protein families]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Carter NP, Fiegler H, Piper J | title = Comparative analysis of comparative genomic hybridization microarray technologies: report of a workshop sponsored by the Wellcome Trust | journal = Cytometry | volume = 49 | issue = 2 | pages = 43–8 | date = October 2002 | pmid = 12357458 | doi = 10.1002/cyto.10153 }}</ref>