Editing Biogeography (section)

==Biogeographic units==
{{anchor|Biogeographic regionalisations}}
There are many types of biogeographic units used in biogeographic [[regionalisation]] schemes,<ref name=Calow98>{{cite encyclopedia|last=Calow|first=P|year=1998|title=The Encyclopedia of Ecology and Environmental Management|location=Oxford|publisher=Blackwell Science|page=82|isbn=978-1-4443-1324-6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JKTeiqPBpM4C&pg=PA82}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last = Walter|first = B. M. T.|date = 2006|title = Fitofisionomias do bioma Cerrado: síntese terminológica e relações florísticas|format = Doctoral dissertation|publisher = Universidade de Brasília|page = 200|url = http://www.pgecl.unb.br/images/sampledata/arquivos/teses/2000a2010/2006/Bruno%20M.T.%20Walter.pdf|language = pt|access-date = 2016-08-26|archive-date = 2016-08-26|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160826132951/http://www.pgecl.unb.br/images/sampledata/arquivos/teses/2000a2010/2006/Bruno%20M.T.%20Walter.pdf|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1= Vilhena|first1= D.|last2= Antonelli|first2= A.|date = 2015|title = A network approach for identifying and delimiting biogeographical regions|journal = Nature Communications|volume = 6|page = 6848 |doi= 10.1038/ncomms7848|pmid= 25907961|pmc= 6485529|arxiv= 1410.2942|bibcode= 2015NatCo...6.6848V}}.</ref> as there are many criteria ([[species composition]], [[physiognomy]], ecological aspects) and hierarchization schemes: [[biogeographic realm]]s (ecozones), [[bioregion]]s (''sensu stricto''), [[ecoregion]]s, [[zoogeographical region]]s, [[floristic region]]s, [[vegetation]] types, [[biome]]s, etc.

The terms biogeographic unit<ref name=Calow98/> or biogeographic area<ref name=Ebach08/> can be used for these regions, regardless of where they fall in any hierarchy.

In 2008, an [[International Code of Area Nomenclature]] was proposed for biogeography.<ref name=Ebach08>{{cite journal|last1=Ebach|first1=MC|last2=Morrone|first2=JJ|last3=Parenti|first3=LR|last4=Viloria|first4=ÁL|year=2008|title=International Code of Area Nomenclature|journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=35|issue=7|pages=1153–1157|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2699.2008.01920.x |url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2008.01920.x/pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160916022658/http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2008.01920.x/pdf|archive-date=2016-09-16}}</ref><ref name="Parenti et al. 2009">{{cite journal |last1=Parenti |first1=Lynne R. |last2=Viloria |first2=Ángel L. |last3=Ebach |first3=Malte C. |last4=Morrone |first4=Juan J. |title=On the International Code of Area Nomenclature (ICAN): a reply to Zaragüeta-Bagils et al. |journal=Journal of Biogeography |date=August 2009 |volume=36 |issue=8 |pages=1619–1621 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2699.2009.02171.x |bibcode=2009JBiog..36.1619P |s2cid=84690263 |url=https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2009.02171.x |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Morrone|first=JJ|year=2015|title=Biogeographical regionalisation of the world: a reappraisal|journal=Australian Systematic Botany|volume=28|pages=81–90|issue=3|doi=10.1071/SB14042 |s2cid=83401946}}</ref> It achieved limited success; some studies commented favorably on it, but others were much more critical,<ref name="Zara et al. 2009">{{cite journal |last1=Zaragüeta-Bagils |first1=René |last2=Bourdon |first2=Estelle |last3=Ung |first3=Visotheary |last4=Vignes-Lebbe |first4=Régine |last5=Malécot |first5=Valéry |title=On the International Code of Area Nomenclature (ICAN) |journal=Journal of Biogeography |date=August 2009 |volume=36 |issue=8 |pages=1617–1619 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2699.2009.02106.x |language=en|doi-access=free |bibcode=2009JBiog..36.1617Z }}</ref> and it "has not yet gained a significant following".<ref name="Servais et al. 2013">{{cite journal |last1=Servais |first1=Thomas |last2=Cecca |first2=Fabrizio |last3=Harper |first3=David A. T. |last4=Isozaki |first4=Yukio |last5=Mac Niocaill |first5=Conall |title=Chapter 3 Palaeozoic palaeogeographical and palaeobiogeographical nomenclature |journal=Geological Society, London, Memoirs |date=January 2013 |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=25–33 |doi=10.1144/m38.3 |s2cid=54492071 |url=https://doi.org/10.1144/M38.3 |language=en}}</ref> Similarly, a set of rules for paleobiogeography<ref name="Cecca & Westermann 2003">{{cite journal |last1=Cecca |first1=F. |last2=Westermann |first2=GEG |title=Towards a guide to palaeobiogeographic classification |journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology |date=2003 |volume=201 |issue=1 |pages=179–181 |doi=10.1016/S0031-0182(03)00557-1 |bibcode=2003PPP...201..179C |url=https://repository.geologyscience.ru/bitstream/handle/123456789/35292/Cecc_03.pdf?sequence=1}}</ref> has achieved limited success.<ref name="Servais et al. 2013"></ref><ref name="Laurin 2023 advent">{{cite book |last1=Laurin |first1=Michel |title=The Advent of PhyloCode: The Continuing Evolution of Biological Nomenclature |date=3 August 2023 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-1-003-09282-7 |pages=xv + 209 |doi=10.1201/9781003092827 |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.1201/9781003092827/advent-phylocode-michel-laurin}}</ref> In 2000, Westermann suggested that the difficulties in getting formal nomenclatural rules established in this field might be related to "the curious fact that neither paleo- nor neobiogeographers are organized in any formal groupings or societies, nationally (so far as I know) or internationally — an exception among active disciplines."<ref name="Westermann 2000 order">{{cite journal |last1=Westermann |first1=Gerd E. G |title=Biochore classification and nomenclature in paleobiogeography: an attempt at order |journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology |date=1 May 2000 |volume=158 |issue=1 |pages=1–13 |doi=10.1016/S0031-0182(99)00162-5 |bibcode=2000PPP...158....1W |url=https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-0182(99)00162-5 |issn=0031-0182}}</ref>