Editing Belgrade (section)

===Socialist Yugoslavia===
[[File:Konferencija_Pokreta_nesvrstanih_1961._godine.jpg|thumb|left|The First [[Non-Aligned Movement]] Summit Conference took place in Belgrade, [[Yugoslavia]] in September 1961]]
When the war ended, the city was left with 11,500 demolished housing units.<ref>{{Citation |title=Rastao je na ruševinama (reprint on 20 October 2017) |trans-title=(Belgrade) rose on the ruins |newspaper=Politika |language=sr |date=20 October 1967}}</ref> During the post-war period, Belgrade grew rapidly as the capital of the [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|renewed Yugoslavia]], developing as a major industrial centre.<ref name="beogradrs"/>

In 1948, construction of [[New Belgrade]] started.  In the late 1940s and 1950s, the new regime made a point of rebuilding Belgrade in a modernistic style inspired by Le Corbusier to show that Yugoslavia was in the forefront of progress.{{sfn|Calic|2019|p=196}} In 1958, Belgrade's first television station began broadcasting. In 1961, Belgrade hosted the first and founding conference of the [[Non-Aligned Movement]] under Tito's chairmanship.{{sfn|Norris|2008|p=134}} In 1962, [[Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport]] was built. In the 1960s, a number of prestige buildings were put up such as the parliament building, the [[Ušće Towers]] which served as the headquarters for the Central Committee of the League of Communists, and the [[Hotel Jugoslavija]].{{sfn|Calic|2019|p=196}} An American journalist from the ''Washington Post'' newspaper wrote in 1967: "Belgrade is a lively, frivolous, noisy, jam-packed city compared with the one I remember from twenty years ago"..{{sfn|Calic|2019|p=196}} In 1964, Tito embarked upon the policy of "market socialism" that allowed capitalism to co-exist with communism. As a result, Western visitors to Belgrade in the late 1960s were astonished to see that the main streets were dominated by gigantic and garish billboards promoting Western brands such as Coca-Cola, Volkswagen, Siemens and Pan Am, giving Belgrade a very Western feel.{{sfn|Calic|2019|p=196}} Likewise, the Belgradians in the 1960s were described as dressed very much in fashionable Western styles with visitors noting that many women had an obsession with having their hair bleached blonde.{{sfn|Calic|2019|p=196}} The German historian Marie-Jannine Calic wrote that in the 1960s Belgrade "a vibrant hustle and bustle prevailed in the streets, squares, and numerous cafes."{{sfn|Calic|2019|p=196}} She also noted that the core of Belgrade had a very modern look, but that "along the mighty boulevards huddled pathetic little stores selling cloth, metal goods and dishware next to the dingy workshops of shoemakers, silversmiths and candle makers".{{sfn|Calic|2019|p=197}} On the periphery of Belgrade, there was a semi-rural feel as chickens and cows wandered about the streets while the people lived in dire poverty, making their living as peddlers, wandering musicians, rag pickers, panhandlers, shoe shiners, scissor grinders, casual laborers and other marginal occupations.{{sfn|Calic|2019|p=197}} In 1968, [[1968 student demonstrations in Belgrade|major student protests]] led to several street clashes between students and the police.<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.boell.eu/downloads/mai_68_uk.pdf |page=49 |last=Popov |first=Nebojša |title=Belgrade, June 1968 |journal=1968 Revisited: 40 Years of Protest Movements |publisher=Heinrich Böll Foundation |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130618055051/http://www.boell.eu/downloads/mai_68_uk.pdf |archive-date=18 June 2013}}</ref> 

By 1969, the population of Belgrade passed the one million mark for the first time.{{sfn|Calic|2019|p=195}} The population increase was largely due to people moving from rural areas to Belgrade as it was estimated in 1969 that two of three Belgradians had been born in the countryside.{{sfn|Calic|2019|p=195}} The population increase in the 1960s imposed serious social strains as more people were moving to Belgrade faster than the pace of housing construction, leading a housing crisis.{{sfn|Calic|2019|p=197}} The 1961 Yugoslav census showed that an average of 2.5 people lived per one room in Belgrade compared to the average of 1.6 people per room in the rest of Yugoslavia.{{sfn|Calic|2019|p=197}} In 1965, it was estimated that there was a shortage of 50, 000 housing units in Belgrade, which led to many people to make illegal makeshift homes in shops, basements, laundry rooms and even elevator shafts while on the periphery of Belgrade people built wooden huts and cottages.{{sfn|Calic|2019|p=197}} The mayor of Belgrade, [[Branko Pešić]], told a journalist in 1965: "In the last seven or eight years, 20,000 to 30,000 people have come to Belgrade each year. That equals an entire small town...And all of these people find shelter somewhere, hole up someplace. Some get an apartment, but that is the smallest percentage of them. A great number are forced...to house in basement, in unhygienic apartments and barracks. And whoever has not yet seen this should definitely see what this looks like...Something like this doesn't even exist in Africa".{{sfn|Calic|2019|p=197}}  

In 1972, Belgrade faced a [[1972 Yugoslav smallpox outbreak|smallpox outbreak]], the last major outbreak of [[smallpox]] in [[Europe]] since World War II.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Trifunović |first=Vesna |title=Temporality and discontinuity as aspects of smallpox outbreak in Yugoslavia |journal=Glasnik Etnografskog instituta SANU |date=July 2018 |volume=65 |issue=1 |pages=127–145 |doi=10.2298/GEI1701127T|doi-access=free|hdl=21.15107/rcub_dais_7666 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Between October 1977 and March 1978, the city hosted the first major gathering of the [[Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe]] with the aim of implementing the [[Helsinki Accords]] from, while in 1980 Belgrade hosted the [[UNESCO General Conference]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bilandžić |first1=Vladimir |last2=Dahlmann |first2=Dittmar |last3=Kosanović |first3=Milan |title=From Helsinki to Belgrade: The First CSCE Follow-up Meeting and the Crisis of Détente |publisher=Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht |isbn=9783899719383 |year=2012 |pages=163–184}}</ref> Josip Broz Tito died in May 1980 and his [[Death and state funeral of Josip Broz Tito|funeral]] in Belgrade was attended by high officials and state delegations from 128 of the 154 [[Member states of the United Nations|members of the United Nations]] from all over the world, based on which it became one of the [[List of largest funerals|largest funerals in history]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Tito: A Biography |last=Ridley |first=Jasper |year=1996 |publisher=Constable |isbn=0-09-475610-4 |page=19}}</ref>